155 Mass. 44 | Mass. | 1891
The railroad station at which the accident happened is so situated that its grounds upon the west and south are contiguous to public streets, Prescott Street on the west and Lincoln Square on the south. The grounds are unenclosed, and their surface is of substantially the same level and appearance with the streets, so that no line of demarcation is apparent. The station building is surrounded by a platform elevated one step above the ground, and the platform continues southerly along the railroad track to Lincoln Square. In the other direction, the platform is distant at its northwest corner about twenty-five feet from the easterly line of the other street. The surface of the station grounds between the streets and the platform was in a suitable condition for public travel, and was very much used by teams and foot passengers in going to and from the station, and in travelling across the station grounds from one street to the other. There was no sidewalk or other defined
The plaintiff for seven weeks previous to the accident had walked over the platform twice daily each way in going between her home and the place where she worked. On the night of the accident, she was walking home from • the shop by her usual route, leaving the shop at six o’clock with two other working girls. It was very dark. They walked on the sidewalk on the west side of Prescott Street until they came to the footpath ; then walked over the path across Prescott Street and the station grounds to the -north end of the platform, and then a short distance along the platform on the west side of the station, when she fell into a hole or opening which she did not before know of and did not see, and so was injured. The opening into which she fell was made by the raising of a trap door, which formed part of the platform, and which opened upon stone steps leading to the cellar of the station building. The trap door had been open for an hour or more before the accident, and the opening was not guarded by any barrier or light, and there was .no person in charge of it, nor other warning. The plaintiff knew that this was a railroad passenger station,
It cannot be said, as matter of law, that the plaintiff was a trespasser. She knew that the place where she was travelling was not a public way, but the platform of a railroad passenger station; she was not a passenger of the railroad, and had no business to do at the station, but was merely using the station grounds and platform as a short cut to facilitate her passage home. Whether her act was or was not a trespass depends upon the attitude of the defendant toward her and those who were accustomed to use the station in a similar manner. It may properly be inferred that the defendant knew of, and passively allowed, the plaintiff and the public to pass at their pleasure across the station grounds and the platforms, from one street to the other. On the other hand, it cannot be said that any invitation or inducement was extended by the defendant, to the plaintiff or to the public, to use the station grounds and platforms as a short cut in travelling from street to street, or for any other purpose than that for which they were designed and adapted in connection with the railroad. It was apparent that the place was a railway passenger station, and not a way for foot travel. No arrangement or fitting of the grounds or platform is shown which would convey to any one the idea that the platform was a part of Prescott Street or of Lincoln Square, or of any public way, or that those in charge of it invited its use for other than railroad purposes. The platform was not contiguous to Prescott Street; it led from Lincoln Square to the station building, and did not connect the two streets. It was obviously a part of the railroad station, and for the use of railroad passengers. The use for which it was apparently designed required the land to be left open and easily accessible from the public streets. Besides this, the plaintiff knew that it was a passenger station, and was not in fact induced to believe that she was walking over a public way. 'The fact that the defendant made no attempt to prevent travel across the station grounds
It follows that the plaintiff’s rights are to be determined upon the theory that she was neither a trespasser nor a person induced or invited by the defendant to enter its premises, but a licensee merely, knowingly using the defendant’s land and structures for a purpose solely in her own interest, and for which she knew they were not intended, and entering upon them without invitation and without right, by her voluntary act, and with the bare sufferance of the owner.
The case is not one of a concealed peril, or of a trap designedly laid. The exceptions do not show that the door was not easily distinguishable from the platform of which it formed a part, and the use for which it was designed must have been apparent upon inspection.
The general rule is, that a bare licensee has no cause of action on account of dangers existing in the place he is permitted to enter, but goes there at his own risk, and must take the premises as he finds them. Reardon v. Thompson, 149 Mass. 267. Parker v. Portland Publishing Co. 69 Maine, 173. No duty is cast upon the owner to take care of the licensee, or to see that he does not go to a dangerous place, but he must take his permission with its concomitant conditions and perils, and cannot recover for injuries caused by obstructions or pitfalls. Hounsell v. Smyth, 7 C. B. (N. S.) 731. Batchelor v. Fortescue, 11 Q. B. D. 474. Sweeny v. Old Colony & Newport Railroad, 10 Allen, 368, 372. “ An open hole, which is not concealed otherwise than by the darkness of night, is a danger which a licensee must avoid at his peril.” Holmes, J., in Reardon v. Thompson, 149 Mass. 267, 268. Sullivan v. Waters, 14 Ir. C. L. 460, 475.
The plaintiff cannot complain that the defendant, in lawfully using its station and appliances as they were apparently designed and adapted to be used, so changed their condition without her knowledge as to make the place dangerous to her when she attempted to use it in a manner inconsistent with the use which the owner chose to make of it. The defendant was under no obligation to her to light the place, or put up a barrier, or to
Exceptions overruled.