65 Mo. 470 | Mo. | 1877
A voluntary conveyance of land by a parent to a child is prima facie an advancement, and if the party to whom the advancement was made . comes m for a distributive snare or the estate of the parent, such advancement shall be brought into hotchpot with the estate descended. Bringing into hotchpot, under our statute, does not mean that the property or money advanced shall, in kind or specie, be thrown in with the property which has descended, but that it is to be estimated and charged against the party according to its value at the time the advancement was made. Nelson v. Wyan, 21 Mo. 352; Grattan v. Grattan, 18 Ill. 167; Oyster v. Oyster, 1 S. & R. 422. The case of Kean v. Welch, 1 Grattan, cited by respondent, does not militate against this doctrine. The court in that case based its decision upon the provision of the testator’s will, which treated the shares advanced by him to his children as still his own, and required them, as well as those of which he was in possession and owner at his death, to be equally divided betwixt his children.
The evidence in this case shows that, in 1853, William Ray entered in his own name, two hundred acres of land adjoining the lands entered by his father, and received a patent for it from the government in 1854. On the trial in the court below, the evidence to show, that the two hundred acres of land, above referred to, were given to William Ray by his father, consisted of declarations made by Daniel Ray, testified to by the plaintiff", James Ray, and by Scribner, Ellidge and Goodwin. James Ray testified that his father “ told William he could have the land he bought for him to live on, and that the other children would get the same, and that he was to account for the land given him in the same proportion as the other land when divided.” This evidence was admissible for what it was worth, but the other witnesses were permitted to testify : the one that Daniel Ray told him he had given Wil
One question in the case was whether Daniel Ray had given William two hundred acres of land; and the evidence furnished by the entries in the records of the ian¿ 0ffice and the patent from the government to William Ray, was to be overcome. This tended strongly to show that William had purchased the lands with his own means. While any declarations made by Daniel Ray to William, and by him not contradicted, to the effect that he had given the lands to William, or furnished him the money to buy them, are admissible against him or his heirs, there is no principle of law which would admit, ,as evidence to establish that fact, the declarations of Daniel Ray to third persons. There is nothing in the nature of this case that exempts it from the application of the general rule. Daniel Ray could, by will, have disposed of his property as he saw proper, but he could not disinherit one of his children by the “ loose, disjointed chat,” testified to by these witnesses. When the parent gives property to the child he may, at the time, fix upon it, what value he pleases, as an advancement, or he may do so in his will,—or-probably by a memorandum charging it against the child as an advancement, but his verbal declarations, that he had given property to a child, made to third persons, are not evidence of the fact. That he has given land must first be established by competent evidence, and then the law presumes it to have been by way of advancement, but to permit the gift to be established by the declarations of the parent, made to third persons, is to enable him virtually to disinherit one of his children, without making a last will and testament. Haverstock v. Sarbach, 1 Watts & Serg. 392; Levering v. Rittenhouse, 4 Whar. 130; Porter v. Allen, 3 Barr 390. The evidence to prove
With the concurrence of the other judges the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded. Reversed.