191 Ky. 401 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1921
Opinion of the Court by
Reversing.
Under an indictment charging them with malicious shooting and wounding Nesbert Bryant (of which he did not die), an offense denounced by section 1166 of the statutes, the appellants, Albert Rawlings and Joe Spivey, were tried in the court below and were each convicted of shooting in sudden affray, or in sudden heat and passion and without previous malice, an offense denounced by sec. 1242 of the statutes, and each of them was punished by a fine of $250.00 and confinement in the county jail for a period of six months, and from the judgment pronounced on the verdict they prosecute this appeal. Numerous grounds are relied on in the motion for a new trial, but all of them are abandoned here except four, which are: (1) that the indictment was fatally defective; (2) that appellants were entitled to a directed verdict in their favor; (3) that the court erred in its instructions to the jury and failed to give the whole law of the case, and (4)
1. The indictment, in what might be termed its first paragraph, accused the defendants in appropriate language of the offense denounced by the statute (section 1166), but that accusation was immediately followed by other allegations that the appellant, Spivey, had theretofore twice been convicted of a felony, and it was sought to apply to him what is commonly known as the “Habitual Criminal Act,” which is section 1130 of the statutes, so that his punishment, if he should be found guilty, could be accordingly fixed by the jury. There were no habitual criminal acts charged against the appellant Rawlings. The objection to the indictment as to both of the defendants is that at the close of its accusation of the particular offense charged, and which counsel designates as its first paragraph or count, there is no statement that the offense was committed “against the peace and dignity of-the Commonwealth of Kentucky,” as is required by section 123 of the Constitution. That statement, however, is contained in the indictment but at the end of it, following the charges of former convictions of defendant Spivey of prior felonies. The draftsman of the indictment divided it into two numbered paragraphs or counts, the second one alleging only the facts necessary for the application of the “Habitual Criminal Act.” It was not necessary, or .at all required, that the indictment should be so paragraphed or separated, .since it charged but one offense, and ¡the facts alleged in what the pleader designated the second count constituted no element olf that offense. McIntyre v. Commonwealth, 154 Ky. 149. The precise question was disposed of by this court adversely to the contention of counsel for appellant in the case of Boggs v. Commonwealth, 9 Ky. L. R. 342, in this language: “It was not necessary that the words (‘against the peace and dignity of the same’) should be appended to each specification of former conviction for felony.” The opinion in the McIntyre case, after thorough and extensive consideration of the question, held that the increased punishment provided by the “Habitual Criminal Act” was no element or ingredient of the principal offense charged in the indictment and that the increased punishment therein provided for, applied only to a certain class of hardened and habitual criminals, and was enacted for
But, it is further urged that this objection should especially apply to the defendant, Rawlings, against whom no prior convictions are alleged, which no doubt would be true if the offense charged against his co-defendant, Spivey, was a different one from that charged against him. But that fact is not true, since each of them are charged with the same offense, with additional facts alleged against Spivey affecting only the punishment which the jury might, in its discretion, visit upon him if he was convicted, but which additionally alleged facts were not intended to, nor do they in the least, affect the question of the guilt or innocence of Rawlings. We therefore find no merit in this contention.
• 2. The shooting of Bryant, with which defendants are accused, occurred in the town of Ravenna at about 1:30 a. m., July 4, 1920. Defendant Rawlings was.a duly appointed and qualified deputy constable and was at the depot in Ravenna at about the hour above named when a passenger train arrived. He and his co-defendánt, Spivey, and perhaps one or two other witnesses, testified that Bryant was in and about the depot just before or at the time, of the arrival of the train, and while it remained there, in an intoxicated condition; that he was engaged at that time in some imprudent conduct and also he had concealed upon his person a pistol; that Rawlings concluded to arrest him and deputized Spivey to assist in doing so and as they approached him Rawlings said, “Say, boy!” whereupon Bryant drew a pistol and started to run, when Rawlings commanded him to “halt,” but which he did not heed and continued his flight. Defendants pursued him and, according to their testimony and that of their witnesses, they fired three or four shots in the ground which they say was for the purpose of inducing Bryant to surrender. They further testified that after the firing of those shots in the ground Bryant fired at them, whereupon they returned the fire for the first time in his direction, resulting in the infliction upon him of a
Subsection 2 of section 36 of the Criminal Code authorizes an officer to arrest one without a warrant if the offense is a misdemeanor and committed in the presence of the officer, or if the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the supposed offender has committed a felony though not in his presence. If Bryant was guilty of being drunk and disorderly at the depot in Ravenna in the presence of Rawlings, the latter had the right to arrest him, and had the further right to summon Spivey to assist him in doing so; but under the anthority of the cases, supra, neither of them had the right to shoot and wound Bryant solely for the purpose of accomplishing the arrest. For the reasons indicated this contention must also be denied.
• 3. Under this contention serious complaint is made of instruction No. 5, given by the court; its refusal to give instruction X, offered by defendants, and the failure of the court to give to the jury the whole law of the case. Instructions Nos. 5 and.X are too long to insert in this opinion and we will content ourselves by saying that No. 5, given by the court, properly presented one phase of the law applicable to the facts in this case, in that it excused defendants on the ground of self-defense, notwithstanding they may have made the first advance or assault on Bryant, which they were authorized to do as stated in the instruction, if he had committed a misdemeanor in their presence. The difficulty with the offered
4. A vital issue in the case was whether Bryant was intoxicated upon the occasion in question. He testified that he was not, while defendants and some of their witnesses said that he was. A short while after Bryant was shot he went to the residence of Dr. Snowden for the purpose of having his wound treated. In attempting to arouse the doctor he broke out the glass in the front door to the residence and otherwise acted and talked as one very much intoxicated. Defendants offered to prove these facts by Dr. Snowden, but the court sustained the Commonwealth’s objections to the testimony and declined to allow it introduced. We are not advised upon what ground the court based its ruling in rejecting this testimony and we have been unable to find any that would authorize it. It is true that Bryant testified that he had taken a drink, or perhaps more than one, after the shooting and before he went to the residence of Dr. Snowden, but whether he did so or not, or whether those two or three drinks, if he did take them, produced the intoxicated condition proposed to be proven by the witness were questions for the consideration of the jury, and since, as we have seen, a vital issue in the case was whether he was intoxicated we have concluded that the offered evidence was relevant and pertinent and the court should have admitted its introduction. The same character of testimony offered by Dr. Wallace was also re
For the reasons indicated the judgment is reversed with directions to grant defendants a new trial and for proceedings consistent with this opinion.