delivered the opinion of the court.
In аn action by plaintiff to recover damages on account of injuries sustained October 17, 1938, when he fell into a coal hole in the sidewalk in front of 451 East 35th street, Chicago, plaintiff obtained a vеrdict with damages assessed at $2,500. The City made a motion for judgment in its favor notwithstanding the verdict, which was denied. It then made a motion in writing for a new trial for 15 alleged reasons. This motion was allowed. The plаintiff by leave under section 77 of the Civil Practice Act [Jones Ill. Stats. Ann. 104.077] appeals to this court.
The court stated its reason in these crisp words: “I consider there is insufficient evidence in the recоrd to prove either actual or constructive notice to defendant. I will therefore allow and grant the defendant’s motion for a new trial.”
In Wagner v. Chicago Motor Coach Co.,
“In the Tone case, where we allowed an appeal from an order granting a new trial and affirmed such ordеr, we said (p. 171): ‘No Illinois case construing this provision of the Civil Practice Act (§77) is cited, but many decisions of courts where similar statutes have been enacted are cited to the effect that only where the trial court has abused its discretion or proceeded upon some clear or manifest misapprehension of a supposed controlling rule of law, will an order for a new trial be reversed. Even in such cases, decisions indicate courts are reluctant to reverse, and their power to do so is seldom exercised. ’ Citing cases from Kansas, California, Iowa, Oklahoma, Florida, Pennsylvania and Washington.”
The only evidence introduced by the City at the trial was a photograph of the place where the accident occurred.
For the plaintiff, Harоld Adams testified that he knew of the condition of the hole before the accident happened; that when folks would step on the cover of the hole it would rattle; it was loose. He looked at it after the accident and found a chip was broken off the cover, a piece off the edge. There was a chip off the ledge and a chip off the cover. Every time anybody would step on the thing it would start to rattle. He said he went over the sidewalk “a lot of times” before the accident. He had stepped on it and heard it rattle.
John Hill testified that he looked аt the hole after the accident, and that the concrete around it was in bad condition and it had a hole in the lid. The hole looked like a piece was cracked off. He lookеd inside the hole; the concrete was loose in the hole and the lid was broken off. He also said he had observed the condition of the manhole before the accident; had once- before walked over it. He lived in the neighborhood all his life. He visited the paper stand on the corner every day. He went by or walked over the hole about seven or eight months before the accident happened. The concrete needed to be fixed, and the lid needed a new one on top of the hole. On cross-examination he said that he saw the need of а new lid seven or eight months before the accident. He could also see it needed new concrete. He could see it from the paper stand. Anybody walking along there could see it nеeded a new lid, as he noticed it.
John.B. Henry operated a newspaper stand about 15 feet from the hole. He testified that he had been there about three years; that he saw the holе before the accident; that there was a lamp post near there; he would sit there and automatically and unconsciously put his foot in the lid and it would rock; that was during the summer before the аccident. When people walked on the sidewalk and on the hole the lid would give a rattling sound, a rattling noise. As often as anybody walked across it it would rattle. This witness also said that he reported this to the Stanton avenue police station, which was directly across the street from his paper stand. In particular he remembered that he told Policeman John Rose that something should be done because the lid on the top of the hole was so loose somebody might fall through it. He says Rose said he was going to report it. He spoke also to other officers in the poliсe station. They would come over to buy papers, and he Would call their attention to it. He saw the hole after plaintiff had departed after the accident. He saw a few inches broken off of the surface of the top of the hole — the lid of it. There were a few inches broken from the side. He guessed about three inches around the side, a circle like or half circlе. The inside groove that holds the cover on was broken at several places. The lid was rusted and had been for some time.
This positive evidence is uncontradicted. Policeman John Rose was not called by the City as a witness, nor is his absence accounted for. The statement of the trial judge to the effect the evidence was insufficient to show either actual or constructive notice indicates to this court that he must have been of the opinion, as a matter of law, that notice to the police is not notice to the City. As authority for this view the City in its additional brief citеs Reid v. City of Chicago,
The judgment was reversed and the cause remanded for another trial.
In the later case of Mareck v. City of Chicago,
We have examined City of Joliet v. Looney,
We are reluctant to reverse an order by a trial judge granting a new trial. Ordinarily this is entirely within his discretion. However, upon the whole record here, we think it apparent the trial judge must have misapprehended the rule of law applicable in this jurisdiction as to the materiality of notice given, under circumstances such as here appear, to a police offiсer of the City. There is no conflict in the evidence, and in our opinion it was sufficient to show both constructive and actual notice. The law being as stated, we hold it was an abuse of discretion tо allow defendant’s motion for a new trial. For this reason the order will be reversed and the cause remanded with directions to overrule the motion of defendant for a new trial. Scott v. Freeport Motor Casualty Co.,
Reversed and remanded with directions.
0’Commit, J., concurs.
McSttrely, P. J., dissents.