116 Mo. 313 | Mo. | 1893
This is an action by plaintiff against defendant company, a corporation, to recover back $200, paid by him in money, and to reinvest in him the title to a lot in the city of Springfield, Missouri, which he conveyed to one Gr. A. Frizzell, trustee, for the use and benefit of the corporation in payment of stock which he had subscribed to it, and which subscription, the payment of the money, and the execution of the deed to the lot in payment thereof, he alleges, were obtained by fraud and fraudulent misrepresentations. The allegations in the petition, leaving out the formal parts, are as follows:
“Plaintiff for amended petition states that the defendant, the Thompson Manufacturing Company, is a corporation duly organized under the laws of the state of Missouri.”
That the defendants, Willis H. Thompson, J. H. Pomeroy, GL A. Frizzell, E. Gr. H. Kirst and J. M. Phillips, on or about - day of-, 1888, entered into and formed a conspiracy for the purpose of organizing a bubble company, whose ostensible and nominal purpose was to establish, in the city of Springfield, Missouri, a manufacturing plant and manufacture children’s carriages, children’s wagons, wooden
We, the undersigned representatives of the Thompson Manufacturing Company, propose to establish in the city of Springfield, Missouri, a manufacturing plant for the purpose of manufacturing children’s carriages, children’s wagons, wooden and willow ware, hobbies, swings, jumpers, hammocks, etc., etc. Anri we further propose to locate the said manufacturing-plant in the city of Springfield, Missouri, on the following terms and conditions, to-wit:
“ ‘We propose to file articles of incorporation of the Thompson Manufacturing Company, with a capital stock of $100,000, divided into two thousand shares of the uniform par value of fifty dollars ($50) each, with a paid capital stock of fifty per cent, of the entire capital stock in accordance with the laws of the state of Missouri, and we further propose to the citizens and business men of the city of Springfield, that in consideration of their subscription for stock in the said plant to the amount of twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or four hundred shares of fifty dollars ($50) each, payable as follows, to-wit: Ten per cent, of said subscription payable on or before thirty days after date of obligation, and ten per cent payable four months after date of obligation, and ten per cent, payable seven months after date of obligation, ten per cent, payable ten months after date of obligation, and ten per cent, payable thirteen months after date of obligatioa,
“ ‘In consideration of the above, we, as representatives of the Thompson Manufacturing Company, agree to purchase the building known as the old cotton mill building, situate in the city of Springfield, Missouri, and to equip it and put the said works into operation within ninety days after date of the purchasing the said building; and we further agree to locate in and direct all our interests toward the city of Springfield, Missouri.
“ ‘Witness our hands, this twenty-second day of March, A. D. 1888.’
“That the said contract of subscription was duly signed and executed by said Willis H. Thompson, president of said corporation, J. H. Pomeroy, and E. Q-. H. Kirst, who constitute the majority of the board ■of directors of said'corporation.
“That the said defendants, in further pursuance of their fraudulent scheme and design to defraud the plaintiff, represented to the plaintiff that they were men of large means, and that they had in their possession and under their control a large sum of money, to-wit: Fifty thousand dollars ($50,000).
“That the capital stock of said corporation of the amount of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) had been fully paid up by them, and that the said sum of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) was then in the hands of the board of directors of said company.
“All of which statements were false and fraudulent, and known to be so by the defendants at the time they were so made, and were for the purpose of inducing
“That the plaintiff, relying upon said statements and representations, and upon the promises of the said defendants and the said company, to carry out and fulfill the terms and conditions set forth in said contract of subscription, was induced to subscribe by the terms in said contract, in said company, for ten shares of the stock of the par value of fifty dollars ($50) each.
“That defendants afterwards, to-wit: on or about the--— day of June, 1888, in further pursuance of their fraudulent design to defraud the plaintiff, represented again to the plaintiff that their said company had been organized, and that the full amount of capital stock, to-wit: fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) in said company had been paid up by said defendants, and that the said defendants and the said corporation had already purchased machinery for the purpose of equipping the building mentioned in said contract of subscription as the ‘Old Cotton Mill’ building and that the said company would be soon in operation, in accordance with the terms in said contract of subscription.
“The plaintiff, believing said statements to be true, and relying in good faith upon the purpose of said company and its said promoters and originators to carry out the terms of said contract of subscription, paid to the said corporation and its said officers the amount of his subscription, as follows, to-wit: two hundred (200) dollars in cash, and conveyed to said Erizzell in trust for said corporation under the direction of the officers and board of directors of said company, in payment of the balance due on his said subscription, a lot of land of the value of three hundred (300) dollai’S, which lot of land is situated in Greene county in the state of Missouri, and described as follows, to-wit: Lot twenty-one (21) in Orchard’s addition to the city of Springfield, Missouri.
“That at the time the said defendants made the false and fraudulent statements, as aforesaid, they had no property whatever, and no part of the said capital stock of fifty thousand (50,000) dollars had been or was thereafter paid up by the said defendants or any one of them.
“That the said corporation has not complied with the terms and conditions in said contract mentioned and specified, nor any one of them nor any part thereof, but have wholly failed to engage in the business of manufacturing as in said contract provided, or to pay the sum'mentioned in said contract into said company’s capital stock, or any sum whatever, or to equip with machinery and put in operation the building mentioned in said contract as the ‘Old Cotton Mill’ building or to perform any one of the stipulations, conditions and agreements mentioned in said contract; but that the said corporation and its managers did engage in other and different business from that mentioned in said contract of subscription.
“That the plaintiff has tendered to the defendant company, and to its proper officers, his said stock and requested them to return to him his money paid, and and reconvey to him the lot aforesaid, but the defendant corporation refused to accept the said stock, or to return to the plaintiff his said property.
“Wherefore the plaintiff prays judgment that his contract of subscription to and purchase of said stock be
The answer is as follows:
“Defendants for answer to plaintiff’s petition admit that the said plaintiff is a stockholder in the Thompson Manufacturing Company, but deny each and every ■other allegation in said petition mentioned. Deny all. fraud as charged by the plaintiff.
“And for another separate and distinct defense to the said plaintiff’s supposed cause of action, say that at the time of the organization of the said corporation mentioned in said plaintiff’s petition the said plaintiff was one of the organizers and one of the promoters of the said enterprise, also being one of the original subscribers; that the said corporation was organized by a large number of citizens of Springfield, subscribing to the said capital stock amounting in the aggregate, to. twenty-eight thousand, seven hundred dollars, out of which amount there were only six hundred dollars paid. The said corporation became insolvent, owing large debts aggregating about twenty thousand dollars. The insolvency of the said company was caused by the said subscribers not paying for their subscribed stock. That after exhausting the assets of said corporation there still exists and remains unpaid large amounts of debts due from said corporation to various creditors aggregating about fourteen thousand dollars. That judgment has been rendered on the same, executions issued against the said corporation and the same was returned nulla bona. The said judgments are in full force in this court in favor of said various creditors and against the said corporation.
To this answer plaintiff replied denying all new matter contained therein.
The court found for defendants, and after an unsuccessful motion for a new trial, plaintiff prosecutes his appeal to this court.
That the capital stock of a corporation, both that which has been actually paid, and subscriptions thereto which remain unpaid, are ordinarily regarded in law as a trust fund, pledged for the payment of the debts of the corporation, there can be no question. Foster v. Planing Mill Co., 92 Mo. 79; Adler v. Brick Mfg. Co., 13 Wis. 57. Nor can a corporation make an arrangement with any of its stockholders, by which they are to be released from the payment of their stock subscribed, or any part thereof, so as to effect the rights of its creditors. This has been so held by this court. Insurance Co. v. Floyd, 74 Mo. 286; Gill v. Balis, 72 Mo. 424; Upton v. Tribilcock, 91 U. S. 45.
But does it necessarily follow that where a subscription to the stock of a corporation is obtained by
At the trial plaintiff was sworn- as a witness in his-own behalf and testified as follows:
“Sometime in the summer of 1888,1 subscribed for stock in the Thompson Manufacturing company and signed an agreement of this kind. This is the same agreement that I signed. There were a number of copies circulated and the one I signed was an exact-copy of this. I signed it along in April, perhaps March. At the time of signing that contract I had been introduced by Mr. P. E. Atwood to Mr. Thompson, Mr. Kirst and Mr. Pomeroy, the three gentlemen stopping at the Ozark hotel. We talked over the object, of their visit;. they told me what they were proposing to come here for, and what they proposed to do. They were all three together when I was talking to them. This agreement was produced afterwards. Mr. Atwood, I think, came in with one of them, I don’t recollect which one of them was along, and presented the agreement.
“Q. So far as you could gather from the talk you had with these parties, who was promoting or originating this corporation? A. Well, it was these three gentlemen I have just mentioned, Mr. Thompson, Mr. Pomeroy and Mr. Kirst. I didn’t know at that time any other parties in it. I knew nothing about the organization and had nothing to do with it whatsoever. I signed that agreement, and upon the representations contained therein, I signed it. I didn’t know anything further about the organization until Mr. Frizzell came around. I don’t think I had ever met him; I had seen him on the street, and had been t.old that he was to be
“Q. What did he say, if anything, regarding the amount of capital stock in the company? A. Well, he said there was $50,000 paid up. The stock that he presented showed that. I don’t remember just what conversation was had, but I remember the question was called up as to the amount of capital stock. The original subscription had been $100,000, half paid, and the subscription he presented represented $50,000 fully paid, and he represented that the company was fully organized, and of course with the understanding that the money was in the treasury, $50,000, or I wouldn’t have paid that. That called for $100,000 half paid, and the stock shows that it was $50,000 full paid; but I didn’t consider that as material. Understanding that the thing was all right and regular and in accordance otherwise with the agreement, I made the deed and gave it to Mr. Frizzell as he directed me to, and paid the $200 in cash and received that stock.
“Q. You had understood it from these parties that the purchase was made? A. Yes, we had talked it over a great deal previously.
‘‘Q. What did the company finally do in regard to this cotton mill building and establishing their manufacturing plant here? A. Well, the thing run along for several weeks, and the first thing I knew some of the gentlemen opened — commenced storing goods in the Mercantile building on Commercial street there, a kind of a stock of goods, baby carriages and wooden ware of different kinds, and at that time I didn’t know that it had any connection whatsoever with the Thompson Manufacturing Company. I believed they were going to run the store outside of any connection with it, and not as a part of the business of the corporation, and I didn’t pay much attention to it for several weeks, and it began to be talked about the streets that it was the Thompson Manufacturing Company doing it, and in a short time there was a meeting called by some of the original stockholders, I think, perhaps, Mr. Pomeroy called it, of the stockholders in the Mercan
Cross-Examination. — “I don’t know without referring to the papers when I brought my suit; It was in October, perhaps; it was earlier than November. I
“Q. I will ask you if you didn’t know at the time you brought, suit that the creditors had taken charge of the store. I will ask you if you didn’t know that the creditors were in charge of the assets at the time you brought suit and at the time you made a tender of your stock? A. No, sir; I didn’t.
“Q. "Well, did you hear that? A. I don’t think that I heard anything of the kind. The first notice I had of the creditors having charge of their goods was November 13th. That was under a mortgage.
“Q. I will ask you if you wasn’t informed, or if you didn’t hear rumored at the time you presented your stock and asked the return of your money and cancellation of that deed or return the conveyance of real estate, they were insolvent and if that wasn’t the reason you wanted to get your money back? A. Well, I heard it rumored that they were not what they repre
The articles of association of the corporation recited that: “The capital stock is $50,000, to be fully paid, divided into one thousand shares of the par value of $50 each. The entire stock has been actually and bona fide subscribed, and fifty per cent, thereof paid up in lawful money of the United States, and in the custody of the persons named as the first board of directors.” Then followed a list of shareholders, seven in number, with the number of shares purporting .to have been subscribed by each, aggregating one thousand shares. The articles were signed and sealed by the same persons, who affixed the same number of shares, aggregating one thousand, opposite their respective names. These articles were filed in the office of the secretary of state on the nineteenth day of May, 1888.
The “Old Cotton Mill” was never bought. Nor did the corporation ever manufacture any wares of any kind. Nor was there any part of the capital stock ever paid, except about $600. The corporation was insolvent from its inception — without money or assets of any kind. W. H. Thompson, G-. A. Frizzell and E. G-. H. Kirst were all witnesses in the ease, and neither of them denied the statements which plaintiff stated were made by them respectively to him. That the subscription, and deed for the lot in payment thereof were obtained by fraud and fraudulent misrepresentations, there is no question. This being true, can plaintiff recover the
This is not a contest between the creditors of an insolvent corporation and one of its stockholders. No creditor of the corporation is a party to this suit. It has been said that, as a general rule, any false statement or representations which induces a person to become a shareholder in a corporation, if made by an agent within the general scope of his powers, will enable the shareholder to repudiate his contract. Morawetz on Private Corporations [2 Ed.], secs. 105, 106 and 839; Note to Thompsom v. Savings Bank, 3 American State Reports, 824; Cook on Stock and Stockholders, secs. 142 and 143. In the case at bar the fraudulent statements and representations were made by Frizzell, the financial agent of defendant corporation, and in the articles of association in which it is stated that the capital stock of $50,000 — which has been all taken — and fifty per cent, thereof paid and in the custody of the persons named as the first board of directors.
In England the rule seems to be that the insolvency of the corporation is a bar to the subscriber’s remedies; and that he cannot in such case avoid the payment of stock subscribed by him upon the ground that the subscription was obtained by fraud. Cook on Stock and Stockholders, sec. 163, page 174. The same writer says: uIn this country the effect of corporate insolvency upon the right of a subscriber to rescind his contract for fraud has not been so clearly determined. The decided tendency of the decisions, however, is that corporate insolvency is a bar to such rescission. In the bankruptcy courts, under the late bankruptcy law, sucha rule was upheld.” Sec. 164. See also Ruggles v. Brock, 6 Hun 164; Saffold v. Barnes,
The authorities last cited were mostly cases in which the action was being prosecuted by the assignee of an insolvent corporation, or a receiver of such • a corporation under the bankrupt laws, and against some subscriber to stock in the corporation for the balance remaining due and unpaid on his subscription. And while Mr. Cook says that the decided tendency of the decisions in this country is that corporate insolvency is a bar to such rescission, and the fact that the subscription was obtained by fraud and fraudulent representations is not available as a defense in a suit against the subscriber to compel the payment of his stock, this court' seems to have held otherwise in the case of Haskell v. Worthington, 94 Mo. 560. Brace, J., in delivering the opinion of the court in that case, which was an action by the assignee of a corporation upon a subscription to'its capital stock to recover the par value of the shares for which the defenndant had subscribed, held that as the assignee stood in the shoes of the corporation, it was a good defense to show that the corporation had entered into active business with less capital stock subscribed than the amount stated in its ai’ticles of incorporation, the defendant not having by his conduct estopped himself from setting up the defense. That the assignee occupied no better position than the corporation did.
The statute, under which defendant corporation purports to have been authorized, provides that the articles of agreement shall contain “the amount of the capital stock of the corporation, the number of shares into which it is divided, and the par value thereof, that the same has been bona fide subscribed, and one-half
Plaintiff testified that he executed the deed to the lot to Frizzell on the twenty-seventh day of June, 1888, at which time he also paid the last cash payment on his subscription of stock. That he brought his suit in October, perhaps, and he discovered the insolvency of the defendant corporation on the thirteenth day of November next thereafter. So it cannot be held that he was guilty of laches in not earlier, discovering its insolvency or in instituting his suit.
The corporation, in its answer, admits its insolvency, and claims that the money and lot that it obtained from plaintiff by fraud and fraudulent representations ought to be applied to the payment of its debts. The creditors, so far as this record shows, are not taking ahy part in this proceeding; and as between the plaintiff and defendants, the plaintiff is entitled under the evidence to judgment for the amount of money paid by him on his subscription to the capital stock of the incorporation, and for a reconveyance to himself of the lot, conveyed by him to Frizzell. The judgment will be reversed and cause remanded with directions to the trial court to enter up judgment in conformity with the views herein expressed.