198 Mich. 658 | Mich. | 1917
In this case an order was made sustaining a motion to dismiss plaintiff’s declaration.' The action is assumpsit to recover for alleged fraud and deceit in the sale of bonds, and the motion to dismiss
Of the eight specific grounds alleged in the motion to dismiss, the seventh (which relates merely to matters of form) has been withdrawn from the consideration of this court by stipulation of the parties, and the remainder may be classified under two general heads, viz.:
(1) Because it appears that plaintiff paid out her money for the bonds in question more than six years before the commencement of suit, and that therefore the action is barred by the statute of limitations. Act No. 314, Pub. Acts 1915, chap. 9, § 13 (3 Comp. Laws 1915, § 12323).
(2) That the action is barred by the “fraudulent concealment section” of said statute (3 Comp. Laws 1915, § 12330); the claim being that the declaration discloses that plaintiff had the means of discovering and did discover her right of action, or did not use due diligence to discover it, and that the declaration does not sustain the claim that the cause of action was only discovered within six months of the date suit was brought, or at any time within two years prior thereto, nor show when or how the discovery was made, or why it was not made sooner, or that plaintiff, with ordinary care, could not have seasonably detected it, or that the concealment of the cause of action was brought about by any act of defendant, or that it prevented inquiry, but, on the contrary, shows that the defendant informed the plaintiff of all the facts on which the cause of action is based, at least as early as the year 1911.
The substance of the principal allegations of the declaration is as follows: That in the years 1909 and 1910 the defendant corporation, which represented itself to be a bank or investment bank and bond house,
On May 20, 1909, bond No. 3376 of the Denver-Greeley Valley irrigation district, face value $500, interest at 6 per cent., semi-annually; amount paid therefor $505.
On November 5,1909, bond No. 1486 of the Big Lost River Irrigation Company, face value $1,000,- interest 6 per cent., semi-annually; amount paid therefor $1,-010.
On January 19, 1910, bond No. 1728 of the Big Lost River Irrigation Company, face value $1,000, interest 6 per cent., semi-annually; amount paid therefor $1,-010.
On January 10, 1910, bond No. 1522 of the North Denver irrigation district, face value $500, interest 6 per cent., semi-annually; amount paid therefor $505.
That at the time of the making of said representations and warranties, they were untrue, false, and fraudulent, and that plaintiff, confiding in said Blair and defendant and defendant’s agents, was deceived and defrauded by them.
The declaration further sets forth: That the defendant paid one or two of the first group of coupons maturing on plaintiff’s bonds, but that the interest coupons due December 1, 1910, on the bonds of the two Colorado companies and those due January 1, 1911, on the bonds of the Idaho company were not paid when due, and though plaintiff demanded payment of same, that defendant has neglected and refused, and plaintiff has been unable to secure payriient. * * * That during the six months preceding the commencement of this action, plaintiff learned that none of the irrigation projects was ever completed, the lands were never settled, the irrigation works never constructed, no farmers, were living on the lands to pay taxes and none could be collected, the projects were bankrupt and
After stating that, until the early part of 1911, plaintiff had no intimation that said bonds or the interest would not be promptly paid according to their terms, the declaration sets out a series of notifications by defendant and others to plaintiff, beginning in the early part of 1911, which admitted the serious difficulties in which the irrigation project then found itself by reason of financial and other troubles on the part of the great irrigation systems on which the districts covered by these bonds depended for water supply, and urged the organization of “bondholders’ protective-committees” in connection with both the Colorado and Idaho enterprises, and after such organization was effected, further communications from defendant and from the committees (of one of which Ralph S. Child, vice president and director of defendant, was a member) urged plaintiff to deposit her bonds with said committees, assuring plaintiff that work already done “removes all probability of complete failure of the project;” that plaintiff did deposit her Idaho bonds, the deposit being made with the defendant, and her receipt therefor being signed by Child, vice president; that the committees asked for funds to complete the project, held out the hope that the principal of the bonds and possibly some of the interest could be saved, and one communication from the Chicago Title & Trust Company assured plaintiff “that the only penalty to be suffered by those who are unable to protect their present investment by taking some of the new bonds is the
A second and third count are added to the declaration, the only variation in which that appears to call for special consideration as bearing on the questions involved in the motion to dismiss is that they allege in
After a hearing of the motion to dismiss, the court below filed a finding that the motion must be granted and entered an order giving plaintiff leave to amend her declaration within 15 days, in default whereof the declaration to be dismissed. After the expiration of the 15 days, plaintiff having failed to amend her declaration, final judgment was entered dismissing the suit.
The question before us. depends for its solution chiefly upon the construction to be placed upon the Michigan statute of limitations. The gravamen of plaintiff’s action is that she was induced by the defendant to purchase the four bonds in question through certain alleged false and fraudulent representations. The first of said bonds was bought on May 20, 1909, and the last one January 19, 1910, and this suit was commenced October 7, 1916. Section 13 of chapter 9 of the judicature act (Act No. 314, Pub. Acts 1915, 3 Comp. Laws 1915, § 12323) is as follows:
“All actions in any of the courts of this State shall be commenced within six years next after the causes of action shall accrue, and not afterward, except as hereinafter specified.”
Under the ordinary rule, plaintiff’s cause of action accrued upon the purchase of the bonds, and if this section governs, clearly her action is barred.
The learned counsel for the appellant, however, have argued at some length, and cited many authorities claimed to sustain their position, that where fraud is charged as the foundation of a suit, the statute of limitations begins, to run, not from the date of the commission of the fraud, but from the time the fraud is
“If any person who is liable to any of the actions mentioned in this chapter, shall' fraudulently conceal the cause of such action from the knowledge of the person entitled thereto, the action may be commenced at*667 any time within two years after the person who is entitled to bring the same shall discover that he had such cause of action, although such action would be otherwise barred by the provisions of this chapter.”
This statute applies both at law and in equity. It will be observed that the legislature did not see fit to adopt the equitable rule to the full extent of allowing the six-year limitation period to be considered as beginning at the date of discovery of the cause of action, but chose rather to allow a period of two years from date of such discovery within which to bring suit, as a special right, when by the strict terms of the general rule the action would be barred before the expiration of such two-year period. Under the two sections above quoted, a plaintiff now has, in any case, the full period of six years from the date of the fraudulent act, or other act creating his cause of action, within which to institute suit, and moreover, where the defendant has fraudulently concealed from him his cause of action, he has, under any circumstances, not less than the full period of two years from date of discovery in which to bring his action.
The latter section of the statute was intended not to curtail, but, when applicable, to enlarge,, the time for action limited by the former, and it applies only where it will in fact enlarge it. Without attempting to discuss what may still be the inherent power of a court of equity in Michigan in exceptional cases to go beyond the terms of the statute, even as modified, and on equitable grounds to grant additional relief, it is certain that in a suit at law the statutory provisions govern and an action such as the present is barred in six years from the commission of the act complained of, unless the fraudulent concealment section can be invoked to extend the time, and even then, unless brought within two years from date of discovery of the cause of action.
Counsel for appellant insist that section 20 does not
But appellant further claims that her declaration, does in fact show a fraudulent concealment from her of her cause of action until within six months prior to the commencement of suit, and that if section 20 does apply, her action is saved thereby. In support of this claim counsel insist: First, that where fraud is the-gravamen of the action, mere silence will toll the statute; and, secondly, that the alleged payment by defendant of the first group of coupons on the bonds, the subsequent correspondence leading to the formation of the bondholders’ protective committees and the proceedings and communications of said committees, together with the advice and explanations of defendant-through Mr. Hugh Blair and others, were acts amounting to a fraudulent concealment from plaintiff of her cause of action. Under our view of the law above announced, it is unnecessary to discuss the effect of the payment of the first interest coupons, because both the period of six years from the purchase of the bonds and the period of two years from the first default in
“The statute was not designed to help those who negligently refrain from prosecuting inquiries plainly suggested by facts known.” First Nat. Bank of Ovid v. Steel, 146 Mich. 308 (109 N. W. 423); citing Purdon v. Seligman, 78 Mich. 132 (43 N. W. 1045).
We do not think there is merit in the contentions of the counsel for appellant as to the effect of the allegations of warranties made in the declaration. A careful consideration of this, aspect of the pleading fails to disclose anything that can be fairly construed as a valid warranty in futuro, as to which a cause of action accrued within the limits of the statutory period. Nor has any explanation been advanced as to the case intended to be set forth in the common counts attached to plaintiff’s declaration that seems to present any
While regretting the situation in which appellant now finds herself, we cannot escape the conclusion that Miss Ramsey, if not with positive knowledge of the falsity of the representations which she claims induced her to make her unfortunate investment, at least with an abundance of information which should have led to a prompt investigation, slept on her rights and chose rather to await the results of the efforts of the committees to save for the bondholders at least a portion of the face of their bonds; and that having been disappointed in the outcome of the course she elected to pursue, she now brings a belated action and seeks to induce the court to relieve her from the situation in which she finds herself by her own negligence. We think the attitude of the courts on this subject is well expressed in the following language of Justice Swayne of the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of Wood v. Carpenter, 101 U. S. 135:
“Statutes of limitations are vital to the welfare of society and are favored in the law. They are found and approved in all systems of enlightened jurisprudence. They promote repose by giving security and stability to human affairs. An important public policy lies at their foundation. They stimulate to activity and punish negligence. While time is constantly destroying the evidence of rights, they supply its place by a presumption which renders proof unnecessary. Mere delay extending to the limit prescribed is itself a conclusive bar. The bane and antidote go together.”
Under our view of the law as above stated, we are unable to find that plaintiff’s declaration sets forth any cause of action that is not barred by the statute of limitations, and the judgment must therefore be affirmed, with costs to the appellee.