Ramey v. CommonwealthRamey v. Commonwealth
- Reporters:
- ,
- Before:
- Lewis
DELIVERED THE OPINION OF THE COURT.
Jоhn Maynard being under indictment in the Pike Circuit Court, appellants, at’ the September term, 1883, thereof, entered into the following recognizance :
“The defendant having been surrendered to the *536jailer * ’ * was brought into court, and Joseph Ramey and Samuel Daniels * * appeared personally in court, and аcknowledged themselves jointly indebted to the Commonwealth in the sum of five hundred dollars, to be void, however, if John Maynard shall apрear in the Pike Circuit Court .on the first da.y of its next March term, to answer the indictment for maiming ■ found in said court against-him, and not departing without lеave of said court.”
At the March term the case was continued to the-September term, 1884, of that court, but upon whose motiоn does not appear, and at the same time witnesses for the Commonwealth were recognized, and an order of forfеiture and attachment against one of them was entered.
But by an act approved March 17, 1884, the “Criminal Court for the sixteenth judiciаl district,” which includes Pike county, was created, the first term of the Pike Criminal Court held under that act beginning the first Monday in May, and taking jurisdiction of аll criminal and penal cases pending in the-Pike Circuit Court, including the case mentioned against’ Maynard, and he not appearing when the case was called at that term of the criminal court, the recognizance of appellants was -adjudged fоrfeited, and at the July term thereof judgment for the amount fixed in the recognizance was rendered against them, both their motion to quаsh the summons and demurrer being overruled.
The question on this appeal is, whether the Commonwealth was entitled to a forfeiture of the recogr nizance and judgment against the bail by reason of *537the failure of the defendant Maynard to appear at the May term, 1884, of the Pike Criminal Court to answer the indictment.
As the bail as well as the defendant were required to take notice of the act creating the Pike Criminal Court, and of the time prescribed thereby for holding the first term of that court, it seems to us clear that apрellants were as fully bound for his appearance there as they would have been bound for his. appearance at the September term of the circuit court, if the act creating the criminal court had not been passed,
The stipulation оf ’ the recognizance. is for the-appearance of John Maynard on the first day of’ the March term, 1884, of the Pike Circuit Court, tо answer the indictment; and if construed literally without reference to the purpose for which he was. to appear, or thе provisions of the Criminal Code, it. might be held that the bail were bound for his appearance on that day only, and that his mere personal presence would operate to discharge them. But-the condition prescribed by law on which a defendant legаlly in custody of the court charged with a public offense may be discharged on bail or recognizance is, that the bail undertakе that he shall appear before the court for the trial thereof. And as said by this court in Miller v. Commonwealth, 1 Duvall, 14: “The controlling principle seems to be that until the defendant is surrendered, or his appearance entered in discharge of the bond, the sureties, have the control of him, and the court has not.” For there are only three conditions upon which the; *538court in which a prоsecution for a public offense is pending can legally direct the defendant to be arrested and committed to jail aftеr he has given bail, ■or deposited money in lieu thereof:
■ 1. Wlien, by having failed to appear, a forfeiture has occurred.
2. Whеn the court is satisfied that his bail, or either of them, is dead or insufficient, or has left the State.
3. Upon an indictment being found for an offensе not bailable.
On the other hand, the bail may, at any time before a forfeiture, surrender the defendant to the .jailer in vacation, or to the court when in session, :and be thereupon exonerated.
It seems to us that if the recognizance in this ■case amоunts to an undertaking that bound appellants at all, they continued bound until exonerated or discharged by delivering the defendant into thе ■custody of the jailer or court; for until released by reason of the recognizance, the court had the power to hоld him in custody, not merely from day to day, but from term to term of the court, until Ms case ■could be regularly reached and tried.
The ” meaning of an undertaking by bail who take from the court the custody of a defendant charged with a public offense is, that they will surrender him either bеfore or when he is called to answer the •charge; and, as has been heretofore held by this ■court, a mere order of continuance from one term of the court to another does not of itself release the hail or impair their undertaking, the оnly manner *539in which, they may be discharged being prescribed by law. In short, they have no right to claim a discharge of their undertaking until they have рlaced the defendant in the custody of the court where they found him, or surrendered him to the jailer.
By section 85, Criminal Code, it is provided that no bail bond or bail recognizance shall be deemed to. be invalid by reason of any variance between its ■stipulations and the Code, provided it be made to appear that the defendant was legally in custody, charged with a public offense, and that he was discharged by reason of the giving of the bond or recognizance, and provided it can be ascertained frоm the bond or recognizance that the bail undertook that the defendant should appear before . * * a court for the triаl thereof.
That the defendant in this case was in custody under an indictment for a public offense when the recognizance was entered into by appellants, and that he was discharged by reason of the recognizance, are beyond question, and it seеms to us also ■clear that appellants undertook that the defendant Maynard should appear before the Pike Circuit Cоurt for the trial of the charge; for the language used in the recognizance imports nothing less than that.
The record shows that when thе case was regularly called in the Pike Criminal Court, the defendant did no‘t appear for the trial of the charge, or, in the equivаlent language of the recognizance, to answer the indictment found, against him, and, consequently, appellants failed to comply with their undertaking, and the judgment of the lower court •was proper, and is affirmed.