Riсhard and Irene Radspinner [Radspin-ners] appeal from the judgment entered by the District Court of Burleigh County on April 21, 1983. We vacate the judgment and remand for further findings of fact and conclusions of law.
The Rаdspinners were, prior to 1982, long-time friends of Fay and Eva Charles-worth [Charlesworths]. The Radspinners owned and lived on a tract of land south of Bismarck. In an effort to have the Charlesworths build a home nearby, the Radspinners gifted a one-acre portion of their land to the Charlesworths by warranty deed dated September 13, 1979. The deed contained no reservations or restrictions. Upon being informed that an additional one-half acre would be needed for sewage purposes before a building permit could be issued for construction of a home on the site, the Radspinners gifted an additional one-half acre to the Charlesworths. The transfer was by warranty deed dated December 18, 1980, and was again without reservations or restrictions. In May of 1981, the parties executed a mutual аccess easement, each granting to the other an easement over the north thirty feet of their respective properties.
In December, 1981, at the Radspinners’ annual Christmas party, Richard Radspin-ner overheard Eva Charlesworth mention that the Charlesworths were considering selling the property. The friendship between the Radspinners and Charlesworths quickly degenerated into a series of arguments and threats over the property. In February, 1982, the Charlesworths deeded the property to their son, Warren Charles-worth.
The Radspinners filed suit against the Charlesworths in March of 1982, claiming frаud and breach of contract. The Rad-spinners claimed that there was an oral agreement between the parties that the Charlesworths were to sell the land back to the Radspinners if thеy did not build on it, that the Charlesworths were not to build on or sell a portion of the property referred to as “the park” during the Radspinners’ lifetimes, and that the Radspinners were to have use of “the park.” The Charles-worths deny the existence of such an agreement, but do admit that there was an agreement that “the park” would not be built upon and that the families would use it as a park. Warren Charlеsworth brought a separate action against the Rad-spinners alleging slander of title and interference with use of the property. The actions were consolidated and tried to the cоurt without a jury.
The court held that Warren owned the disputed property in fee simple with no restrictions. The court awarded the Rad-spinners $100 as damages against Warren for their expense in removing brush and large stumps placed on their land by Warren when he cleared the roadway across the easement. The court dismissed the parties’ other claims.
The Radspinners have raised numerous issuеs on appeal. We are unable to reach the merits, however, because we conclude that the findings of fact and conclusions of law, contained in the court’s memorandum oрinion, fail to provide a clear understanding of the basis of the court’s decision and require remand for further findings and conclusions.
There are several inconsistencies within the memorandum opiniоn. For example, the court at one point states:
“The Radspinners, however, claim there exists an enforceable agreement as follows:
1. that the Charlesworths agreed not to build on part of the property referred to by the Radspinners as ‘the park’;
2. that the Radspinners could use ‘the park’ for their lifetime;
3. that the Charlesworths would not sell the property during the Radspinners’ lifetimes;
4. that the Charlesworths would sell the property back to the Radspinners if they did wish to sell. (This condition was not referred to in the pleadings or the pretrial brief.)
“As noted, none of these matters are claimed to be in writing, and the Charles-worths objected to the oral testimony regarding them. The testimony was taken subject to later ruling. The Charles-worths deny the existence of any such oral conditions and restrictions, with one exception: They did agree with the Rad-spinners that they would not build in ‘the park.’ No building has occurred there, nor has anyone threatened to build there.”
After holding that the oral testimony regarding such agreements was inadmissible, the court further concluded:
“Even assuming the evidence was admissible, I would not be persuaded that the Radspinners had proved the existence of such additional terms and conditions on the deed by a preponderance of the evidence. The evidence is sharply in dispute, and I find nothing about the testimony which causes me to conclude that the tеstimony of one side or the other should be rejected because it is not credible.”
The first passage quoted above indicates that there was an agreement regarding the park; the second states that the Radspin-ners failed to prove the existence of such an agreement. 1
There is also an inconsistency between the memorandum opinion and the judgment. In the memorandum opinion, the court states that the parties “executed a mutual access easement.” In the judgment, however, Warren Charlesworth is deemed to be the owner of the disputed property “without reservations or encumbrances of any kind in favor of Richard E. and Irene R. Radspinner.” Thus, the judgment appears to terminate the Radspin-ners’ written, undisputed easement.
The Radspinners also argued at trial that a resulting or constructive trust could be imposed upon the property requiring the Charlesworths to hold “the park” in trust for the Radspinners’ lifetime use. The trial court’s findings and conclusions on this issue, in their entirety, were contained in one sentence: “The evidence submitted by the Radspinners did not support any kind of claim of resulting trust, nor was there a confidential relationship of any kind between thе families.”
2
There is a vast dif
Furthermore, the court’s findings on this issue are conclusory. In
Eszlinger v. Wetzel,
“ ‘To be sure, сonciseness is to be strived for, and prolixity avoided, in findings; but, ... there comes a point where findings become so sparse and conclusory as to give no revelation of what the District Court’s concept of the determining facts and legal standard may be.’ Commissioner v. Duberstein,363 U.S. 278 , 292,80 S.Ct. 1190 , 1200,4 L.Ed.2d 1218 (1960).”
Conclusory, general findings do not comply with the mandate of Rule 52.
Eszlinger, supra,
Findings of fact and conclusions of law should be stated with sufficient specificity to assist us in our review and to afford a clear understanding of the trial court’s decision.
Gross v. Sta-Rite Industries, Inc.,
We vacate the judgment and remand to the district court to make appropriate findings of fact and conclusions of law. 4
Notes
. We note that the court initially held that evidence of the oral agreement was inadmissible under the parol evidence rule. While the parol evidence rule may bar enforсement of the agreement itself, it would not bar consideration of the oral agreement as a basis for imposing a constructive trust. A constructive trust may be imposed upon land based upon prior oral agreements, notwithstanding the statute of frauds and the parol evidence rule, when the requisites of Section 59-01-06, N.D.C.C., are met.
See Wildfang-Miller Motors, Inc. v. Miller,
. The court’s findings on this issue сause additional problems. The court failed to address this issue in its memorandum opinion. When this was brought to the court’s attention by Charlesworths’ counsel, the court replied with a letter to counsel сontaining supplemental findings and conclusions on this issue. This letter is not included in the record certified on appeal, although a copy of the letter is included in the appendix filed by the aрpellant. We therefore have no way of knowing whether or not these supplemental findings have ever been formally filed in the district court. Because we are remanding for clarification of the findings and
. When construing Rule 52, N.D.R.Civ.P., which was adopted from Rule 52 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, we are guided by federal case law interpreting the federal rule.
Byron v. Gerring Industries, Inc.,
. It is anticipated that the district court will be able to draw its new findings of fact and conclusions of law based upon the evidence already submitted. The court may, however, conduct any further proceedings it deems necessary to fully resolve the issues presented.