128 Va. 658 | Va. | 1920
delivered the opinion of the court.
This case is brought before us by a writ of error to a judgment of the Corporation Court of the city of Eadford, entered in. a proceeding by motion in which C. C. Dunlap was the plaintiff, and the Eadford Water Power Company (the plaintiff in error) was defendant.
The plaintiff, Dunlap (defendant in error), was engaged in business, in the year 1918, in Galena, 111., when he was approached by one E. J. Hole with respect to taking a position in Eadford, Va., with the Eadford Water Power Company. The following telegrams and letter passed between Dunlap and Hole:
Hole first telegraphed from Greensboro, N. C., on April 1, 1918, to Dunlap at Galena, 111.:
“Will possibly have position open as manager in small hydro electric water plant and street railway town of about five thousand in Virginia. Wire me if you will be interested in same.”
Dunlap replied from Galena to Hole in Greensboro, on April 6, 1918:
“Write wire your proposition.”
“Am writing letter. Please answer as soon as you read letter.”
At the same time, Hole wrote as follows to Dunlap: “Dear Sir:
“Replying to your telegram I will give you herewith a short synopsis of the proposition, for which I have been asked to find a manager.
“This plant is in the town of Radford, in the southeastern part of Virginia, consisting of a street railway three miles in length, a water plant furnishes the city fire protection and the citizens water for use in their homes, a small hydro electric plant located three miles from town, consisting of one 300 K. V. A. alternator which furnishes power, light and street lighting for the citizens and manufacturing industries in the municipality.
“The combined earnings at the present time of the three properties amounts to about $40,000.00 per year. They are operating on a little less than fifty per, cent, basis. Have outstanding about $135,000.00 of bonds, which, after paying the interest on same, would leave practically $12,000.00 net balance.
“The man who has been in charge of this property has spent all the net balance and considerable money advanced by the owner in extensions and betterments of the plant.
“The water works system is practically new; the overhead lines of the street railway are in better condition than our lines here in Greensboro; you would, therefore, have very little work of a construction nature to do. You would be expected to conserve every penny you possibly could in order to make the payments upon the moneys advanced by the owners of the property. The position is one where you would of a necessity have to do considerable of the actual labor yourself, and where you would be busy all the time.
“The location of the town is ideal, the climate good, es*663 pecially in the summer; the winters are somewhat more harsh than in Greensboro, owing to the fact that the town is situated in more or less a mountainous country. The town itself is very pretty, and has about 5,000 people; it extends three miles down the valley of the New river, has considerable manufacturing industries, and if the owners of this property could do so, it would be exceedingly wise to increase the size of the hydro electric plant, inasmuch as the power could be sold locally for a good figure.
“I would appreciate your writing me as to what terms would be agreeable to you, should you desire to make a change.
“I am making this proposition to you, largely because I have heard you say several times you would like to get into the operating end of a small plant.
“Write me as soon as you have reached a decision together with the terms and salary you would expect.
“Very truly yours,
“(Signed) R. J. Hole.”
To this letter Dunlap replied by telegram:
“Resigned gas company to accept local position. Come there for twenty-five hundred per year on two-year contract. Immediate acceptance as position here must be accepted at once. Wire.”
On April 15, 1918, Hole telegraphed his reply, as follows:
“Make your proposition twenty-one hundred per year. If services prove satisfactory an increase of four hundred at end of first year. Think you could handle job O. K., job has good possibilities. Please wire immediately as we want your services at once. Unable to write earlier as owner of proposition was out of town.”
Dunlap accepted this proposition by telegram to Hole at Greensboro:
“Accept proposition as amended by you.”
“Report Greensboro just as soon as possible; last of this week if you can.
“R. J. Hole.”
Dunlap promptly came to North Carolina and saw A. L. Brooks, one of the directors of the water company, who informed him without any preliminary conversation that his salary was to be $2,100 the first year and four hundred dollars additional for the second year, if his services proved satisfactory. Later Dunlap came to Virginia and saw Dr. J. J. Mott, the president of the company. Soon thereafter he went before a.meeting of the board of directors of the Radford Water Power Company, on May 1, 1918. At this meeting Dr. Mott advised the directors that he and Mr. Brooks had employed the pJaintiíf as general manager of the company at the rate of $2,100 per year to be paid monthly. Dr. Mott suggested that a resolution be offered and passed to the above effect. This was done and the following resolution was proposed and adopted:
“Resolution — 10 A. M.
“On motion duly made and carried the action of the president of the company and Mr. A. L. Brooks in engaging Mr. C. C. Dunlap as general manager of the company at a salary at the rate of $2,100 per year, be approved and the treasurer to make payment of the salary to the general manager in monthly payments at the said rate.”
Dunlap entered upon his duties as manager on May 1, 1918, and continued uninterruptedly in the discharge of the same until June 2, 1919. Some time in March, 1919, Mr. H. C. Tyler, who had been elected president of the company after the death of Dr. Mott, saw Dunlap with respect to the discharge of an employee named Foster. This discharge Dunlap undertook to effect on June 2, 1919. A little later
In November of that year Dunlap instituted legal proceedings against the water company to recover the balance due him upon his alleged contract for two years at the rate of $2,100 for the first year and $2,500 for the second year, in the event that his services for the first year were satisfactory. The Water Power Company appeared in the proceedings and pleaded not guilty. Thereupon a jury was sworn to try the issue, and later returned a verdict in favor of the plaintiff for the sum of $982.74, the same being the balance claimed by the said Dunlap.
The plaintiff in error (defendant below) assigns various errors, most of them being the action of the trial court in admitting evidence over the defendant’s objection.
The defendant objected and excepted to the admission of the telegrams and letter between the plaintiff and R. J. Hole, the resolution of the board of directors and the testimony of C. C. Danlap; to the plaintiff’s instructions .given by the court, and to the action of the court refusing defendant’s instructions, one to six inclusive, as the same appear in the record.
Section 5561 of the Code, 1919, reads in part as follows: “No action shall be brought in any of the following cases * * * 7th. Upon any agreement that is not to be performed within a year,' unless the promise, contract, agreement, representation, assurance, or ratification, or some memorandum or note thereof, be in writing and signed by the party to be charged thereby, or his agent * * *”
Looking to the telegrams and correspondence, it is evident that Hole was not acting for himself but for another. Hole was not an officer of the company, apparently not interested in its operations, and does not appear in these proceedings save in said telegrams and correspondence. After the interchange of a telegram of inquiry from Hole, and a reply by Dunlap, Hole writes Dunlap a letter which begins as follows:
*667 “C. C. Dunlap,
“Galena, 111.
“Dear Sir:
“Replying to your telegram, I will give you herewith a short synopsis of the proposition for which I have been asked to find a manager.”
The concluding statement of this sentence clearly advises Dunlap that the writer was acting for a principal so far undisclosed. Dunlap replied by telegram to the above letter, and thereupon Hole telegraphed an offer to Dunlap, and the latter by telegram accepted it. The reference in the telegram of Hole to Dunlap to “the owner of the proposition,” is identified, and the name of the owner established by a statement in the testimony of H. C. Tyler, who, as stated, supra}, succeeded Dr. Mott as president of the company on the latter’s death. This statement is as follows:
“That he (H. C. Tyler) had been a director of the defendant company for several years; that Dr. Mott, the president, was practically the owner of the company’s holdings, and his wishes were usually acceded to with reference to the management of the company’s affairs.”
Dunlap states in his testimony that in conformity with the telegram of April 17, 1918, he reported without delay to Greensboro, N. C. On arriving at that point he was at once taken to see Brooks,' who seemed to be fully advised of what Had passed between him and Hole, informed him that his salary would be as recited, supra,, and told him to go to Radford and report to the board of directors, who would tell him when to go to work. Thereupon he reported forthwith at Radford and was taken by Hole to the residence of Dr. Mott. No conversation ensued between Dunlap and Mott as to his employment and terms of compensation. Apparently Mott needed no information on that line, since later, without being advised by Dunlap, he stated to the board of directors that he (Dr. Mott) and Mr. Brooks
It must be apparent, upon an inspection of the evidence recited, that Hole’s principal was Dr. Mott, and that he was referred to in Hole’s telegram to Dunlap as the “owner of the proposition,” and described by President' Tyler as practically the owner of the company’s holdings. Hole was certainly not acting for himself, and he is sufficiently identified as the agent of Dr. Mott. The latter stated to the directors that he and Mr. Brooks had employed the plaintiff as general manager of the company. If he did not employ him through Hole, when and where did he employ him, as apparently he never talked with Dunlap on the subject, and never saw the latter until Hole brought him to his house?
It is not considered that this objection is well taken. If the president of the company had made a valid contract of employment on behalf of the company, ratification of that contract may have been unnecessary, but it was not illegal, or improper. It was certainly competent for the plaintiff to show from the minutes of the directors what was actually done in that connection. It was not necessary for this ratification to refer in terms to any negotiations by telegram, letter or otherwise between Mott, or his agent, and Dunlap. The contract represented the result of these negotiations, and could be ratified by a single resolution to that effect. A far more important and interesting question is the effect of this resolution upon the status of the parties. Plaintiff in error contends that by its terms it ratifies merely a con
It is perfectly true that the letter and telegrams show that Dunlap insisted upon a two-year contract, and that the contract actually appearing from this letter and telegrams was for a two-year term with provision for an increase. Further, as soon as Dunlap arrived in Greensboro, he was advised by Brooks that his salary was to be $2,100 for the first year, and $400 additional for the second year, if his services proved satisfactory. At no time was any suggestion made that the contract to the above effect should be modified. Having insisted upon this contract from the beginning, having made this contract through Hole, having given up his prospects in a distant State, and come east upon an agreement providing definitely for a two-years’ term, with a provision for an increase, having been informed as soon as he reached North Carolina by one of the
In R. F. & P. R. Co. v. Snead & Smith, 19 Gratt. (60 Va.) 354, 100 Am. Dec. 670, it appears that one Robinson was the president of the railroad company, and as such contracted for certain work to be done on the property of the company. He gave a note of ambiguous character for the amount due for this work, and. parol evidence was admitted with respect to the consideration, the origin of the paper and its real meaning. The company was required to discharge the note as a liability of its own. The court said: “The authority of Robinson as president of the railroad company to make contracts for necessary labor for the company was incident to his office and has not been disputed. Such incidental powers exist by law and general usage, and exist in all cases where the authority of the president is not restricted by special legislation, or regulations of the company known to the other contracting party.” 19 Gratt. (60 Va.) p. 364, 100 Am. Dec. 670. The verdict in the present case can be supported upon the facts herein appearing, without going to the full extent of the authority last cited.
If the conclusions as to the incidental authority of the c president in the case, supra, are supported by reason, by how much the more can like conclusions be drawn with respect to the authority of the president in the case in j'udg
As said in 1 Morawetz on Private Corporations (2d ed.), sec. 538: “There can be no doubt that the board of directors may invest the president with authority to act as chief executive officer of the company. This may be done either by an express' resolution, or by acquiescence in a course of dealing. A person dealing with the president of a corporation in the usual manner, and within the powers which the president has been accustomed to exercise, without the dissent of the directors, would be entitled to assume that the president .had been actually invested with those powers.”
The contract with Dunlap was not a contract with respect to the disposition of the company’s property, or to change its policies, or to increase its liabilities for new equipment. It was a contract for the employment of labor for the necessary. conduct of its established business. The authority to make such contracts for the reasonable execution of the company’s business is as clearly incidental to the president’s office as the authority in the case, supra, to employ laborers to do work on the property of the railway company, and to charge the company therewith! That case declares that the incidental authority which it upheld exists in all cases where the authority of the president is not restricted by special legislation, or by regulations of the company known to the other contracting party. In the case in judgment, the authority of the president is not restricted by special legislation, o^by regulations of the company known to Dunlap.
If there was anything in the general laws of the State, or the law of the defendant company’s organization, which restricted or took away the incidental powers of the president, referred to supra,, Dunlap would be presumed to be informed as to the same. In that respect he would contract with President Mott at his peril. But it does not appear that there was any limitation upon the powers of the president, save the statement of Mr. Tyler that the by-laws of the company authorize none other than the board of directors to employ a general manager. This by-law is not put in evidence, but even if it could be considered as established in the proper formal manner by the mere statement of the witness, it is a regulation of the company unknown to the other contracting party.
It is considered, therefore, that it was within the authority of the president to make with Dunlap the contract of -employment undér consideration.
The plaintiff in error excepted to all of the instructions .given for the plaintiff, and also to the action of the court in refusing certain instructions framed by the defendant.
The instructions given very fairly and adequately submitted the case on the merits to the jury.. On all of these issues the jury found for the plaintiff. It would not be profitable in view of what has already been said, to take up seriatim the instructions offered by the defendant and refused by the court. These instructions were properly refused. Some of them embodied erroneous propositions of law, or propositions that, if correct, were stated in a mis
The verdict, in our judgment, is fully supported by the evidence and the judgment of the Corporation Court of the city of Radford is affirmed.
Affirmed.