60 Conn. App. 82 | Conn. App. Ct. | 2000
Opinion
The plaintiffs, R & R Pool & Patio, Inc.,
The following facts and procedural history are relevant to our disposition of this appeal. The plaintiffs own property located at 975 Ethan Allen Highway in Ridgefield (property). The property is located in a B-2 zone in which retail uses are not permitted under the Ridgefield zoning regulations. In July, 1990, a tenant of the property at the time, Richard Amatulli, doing business as Classics of Ridgefield, obtained site plan approval to conduct a wholesale oriental rug operation on the property, a permitted use in the zone. On November 5,1990, the defendant granted Amatulli’s application for a variance to conduct retail sales on the property (Amatulli variance). The defendant limited the variance with the following language: “This action permits wholesale and retail sales to be conducted from the [property], unrestricted as to type of customer or hours of operation, but restricted as to the products to be sold. Such wholesale and retail sales shall be limited to oriental rugs, fine furniture and art.”
In 1993, the then owners of the property, Diane Green, Alvin G. Farans and Neil Farans, applied for a variance to remove the restrictions and to allow full retail use of the property. The application was denied by the defendant on June 21, 1993, and no appeal was taken therefrom.
The memorandum of decision contained several reasons for the denial. The reasons relevant to this appeal follow. “The Planning Director was correct in his determination that the proposed use for the premises was not in accordance with the variance previously granted [the Amatulli variance],
“The variance in question was granted in order to allow the use of the property for the sale of oriental rugs and fine furniture. A variance was needed because
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“While ‘fine furniture’ was not specifically described, the variance would be read in its entirety as having an inherent unity of decision. The applicant for that variance presented his request as a unitary operation with the sale of furniture as an adjunct to the sale of oriental rugs and of the same quality as would often involve the services of an interior decorator. The appellant in the matter now before the board seeks to have the meaning of the term ‘fine furniture’ used to include mass produced, outdoor furniture, arguing that it is in fact ‘fine furniture.’ This is not the kind of product that was presented to the board when the variance was requested, and it is not the kind of product that was considered by the board when the variance was granted.
“The kinds of product that were considered were ones that, like oriental rugs, are not stock items, are made by hand, and if they do not deteriorate physically, are expected to appreciate in value with the passage of time. Outdoor furniture simply does not fit this definition.”
On February 24, 1994, the owners and R & R Pool appealed to the Superior Court alleging that the defendant’s decision was arbitrary, illegal and an abuse of discretion. The court dismissed the action for lack of standing on the ground that R & R Pool was not the applicant for the site plan approval. The owners and R & R Pool appealed to this court following our grant of certification.
During the pendency of the site plan case in Superior Court, the plaintiffs, on July 27, 1995, applied to the planning director for site plan approval for the “retail and wholesale sales of oriental mgs, fine furniture and ait.” An accompanying statement of proposed use explained that “[t]he property will be used in accordance with the [Amatulli variance]” and that the furniture to be sold would be “of good quality and the higher-end products. It will be the type of quality of fine furniture which is sold in the better furniture stores in the United States. None of the furniture will be of the plastic type which is generally found in discount stores.”
Pursuant to the planning director’s request for clarification of the use, Raymond Ross, the attorney for the plaintiffs, by letter dated August 15, 1995, stated that “R & R [Pool] will have the same limited retail sales of ‘oriental rugs, fine furniture and art’ which were previously sold by [Amatulli] under the terms of the [Amatulli] variance. The furniture will be of similar kind and nature to that which was sold by [Amatulli] and falls within the terms of the variance. The products will be of the high-end quality, well styled and upscale products which were previously sold. The products will be customarily used by consumers in such rooms of a home as a den or a dining room. The sale of these furniture items are often made with the assistance of
On August 23, 1995, the planning director issued site plan approval to the plaintiffs subject to the condition that “the limited retail sales will be exactly as permitted and described in the grant of [the Amatulli variance] and further defined in [the defendant’s February 14, 1994 memorandum of decision sustaining the planning director’s denial of the application for site plan approval in the site plan case].”
In September, 1995, the plaintiffs began retail sales of furniture on the property. On December 29, 1995, the Ridgefield zoning enforcement officer issued a cease and desist order to the plaintiffs ordering that they remedy or discontinue (1) conducting retail sales in a B-2 zone, (2) retail sales not allowed under the Amatulli variance and (3) retail sales not presented during the site plan process and sales that specifically violate the conditions of the plaintiffs’ site plan approval.
On January 5, 1996, the plaintiffs appealed the cease and desist order to the defendant. On April 29, 1996, after a hearing, the defendant sustained the decision of the zoning enforcement officer to issue the cease and desist order. The relevant portions of the defendant’s memorandum of decision follow. “The applicant applied for Site Plan Approval for one use, and after receiving it, he put the property to another use. . . . Much has been made of the words ‘fine furniture,’ but such analysis by the applicant is based on wrenching the words from the context in which they were originally used. When the decision [on the-Amatulh variance] was made in November, 1990 . . . the phrase ‘oriental rugs, fine furniture and art’ was used because it had a
“The sole purpose for which the property can be used at retail is the sale of ‘oriental rugs, fine furniture and art’ when such use is an adjunct to the use of the property as a wholesale location. There is no question that the property had had a number of uses over the years, but there has never been a variance in place that would allow the use of the property as a retail store when such use is not as [an] accessory and part-time use to a wholesale operation.”
On May 2,1996, the plaintiffs appealed to the Superior Court from the decision of the defendant sustaining the zoning enforcement officer’s cease and desist order. The court, Stodolink, J., heard the appeal contemporaneously with the appeal in the site plan case. As we have set forth, the court sustained the plaintiffs’ appeal in the site plan case. In a memorandum of decision dated on the same day as the memorandum of decision in the site plan case, the court dismissed the plaintiffs’ appeal from the defendant’s decision sustaining the zoning enforcement officer’s issuance of the cease and desist order.
The plaintiffs argued to the court that the defendant’s decision was arbitrary and illegal in that (1) the Amatulli variance runs with the land and the defendant may not modify it, (2) the term “fine furniture” is vague and involves a matter of personal taste, (3) the plaintiffs were denied substantive due process because they were not informed which items were not “fine furniture” and
The court cited the “assurance” made by Ross during the application process that there would “be no plastic furniture, no mass produced assembly line type of furniture, and no athletic equipment such as swingsets” sold on the property. In light of this “assurance,” the court also noted the presence in the record of “nine photographs of chairs and other furniture that appear to be ‘mass produced assembly line furniture.’ ” The court concluded that the defendant’s first reason was reasonably supported by the record and dismissed the plaintiffs’ appeal. On January 13, 1999, this court granted the plaintiffs’ petition for certification to appeal and this appeal followed. Additional facts will be set forth where necessary.
We begin by examining the court’s decision in the site plan case to determine how it bears on the disposition of this appeal. In its memorandum of decision in the site plan case, the court noted that the defendant’s fourth reason for denying the plaintiffs’ appeal from the denial of their original site plan application was that the plaintiffs’ furniture was not the “fine furniture” envisioned by the defendant when it had granted the Amatulli variance.
We conclude that these findings and the court’s conclusion make clear that the court determined that the Amatulli variance could not be construed to limit the kind of furniture sold on the property. The defendant did not appeal from the court’s judgment.
“Collateral estoppel, or issue preclusion, prohibits the relitigation of an issue when that issue was actually litigated and necessarily determined in a prior action. . . . For an issue to be subject to collateral estoppel, it must have been fully and fairly litigated in the first action. It also must have been actually decided and the
“An issue is actually litigated if it is properly raised in the pleadings or otherwise, submitted for determination, and in fact determined. ... 1 Restatement (Second), Judgments § 27, comment (d) (1982). An issue is necessarily determined if, in the absence of a determination of the issue, the judgment could not have been validly rendered. F. James & G. Hazard, Civil Procedure (3d Ed. 1985) § 11.19. If an issue has been determined, but the judgment is not dependent upon the determination of the issue, the parties may relitigate the issue in a subsequent action. Findings on nonessential issues usually have the characteristics of dicta. . . . Dowling v. Finley Associates, Inc., [248 Conn. 364, 374, 727 A.2d 1245 (1999)]. . . . Pitchell v. Williams, 55 Conn. App. 571, 577-78, 739 A.2d 726 (1999).
“The common-law doctrine of collateral estoppel, or issue preclusion, embodies a judicial policy in favor of judicial economy, the stability of former judgments and finality. . . . Collateral estoppel means simply that when an issue of ultimate fact has once been determined by a valid and final judgment, that issue cannot again be litigated between the same parties in any future lawsuit. . . . Walsh v. Stonington Water Pollution Control Authority, 250 Conn. 443, 460-61, 736 A.2d 811 (1999). Collateral estoppel . . . presents a question of law that we review de novo. Linden Condominium Assn., Inc. v.McKenna, 247 Conn. 575, 596, 726 A.2d 502 (1999) .” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Ancona v. Manafort Bros., Inc., 56 Conn. App. 701, 706-707, 746 A.2d 184, cert. denied, 252 Conn. 953, 749 A.2d 1202 (2000) .
The defendant’s failure to appeal from the judgment in the site plan case compels the result that in this appeal, “fine furniture,” as it appears in the Amatulli variance, does not mean something “finer” than ordinary furniture. It light of this, we turn to our review of the decision that is the subject of the present appeal.
“In reviewing the actions of a zoning board of appeals we note that such a board is endowed with a liberal discretion, and its [actions are] subject to review by the courts only to determine whether [they were] unreasonable, arbitrary or illegal. . . . The burden of proof to demonstrate that the board acted improperly is upon the party seeking to overturn the board’s decision. . . . In an appeal from the decision of a zoning board, we therefore review the record to determine whether there is factual support for the board’s decision, not for the contentions of the applicant.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Francini v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 228 Conn. 785, 791, 639 A.2d 519 (1994). If “a zoning author
As the court noted, the defendant stated three reasons for sustaining the zoning enforcement officer’s issuance of the cease and desist order. We will address each in turn.
The defendant’s first stated reason is that the plaintiffs “applied for site plan approval for one use, and after receiving it, [they] put the property to another use.” The plaintiffs’ site plan application described the intended use as the “[s]ame use as [the] variance granted to [Amatulli]” and, further, “retail and wholesale sales of oriental rugs, fine furniture and art.” The planning director granted the application with four conditions, only one being relevant here, which was that “the limited retail sales will be exactly as permitted and described in the [defendant’s grant of the Amatulli variance] and further defined in [the defendant’s memorandum of decision in the site plan case sustaining the planning director’s denial of the site plan application].”
The Amatulli variance allows for the wholesale and retail sales of “oriental rugs, fine furniture and art.” The trial court held in the site plan case that the words “fine furniture,” as they appear in the Amatulli variance, do not limit the kind of furniture sold on the property, and, therefore, the plaintiffs’ sale of furniture on the property is not in derogation of the description contained in the Amatulli variance and cannot be the basis for the cease and desist order. As to the defendant’s memorandum of decision in the site plan case, the portion thereof pertaining to the scope of the phrase “fine
After receiving the site plan application, the planning director requested that Ross clarify the use. Ross responded by letter, stating, inter alia, that “[t]here will be no plastic furniture, no mass produced assembly line type of furniture and no athletic equipment such as swingsets” sold on the property. This language is the gravamen of the defendant’s first reason. We hold that these subsequent representations by Ross do not limit the plaintiffs’ use of the property. “A site plan may be modified or denied only if it fails to comply with requirements already set forth in the zoning . . . regulations.” General Statutes § 8-3 (g). General Statutes § 8-6 (b) provides in relevant part that a “variance . . . shall run with the land . . . .” The plaintiffs were entitled to the rights of the Amatulli variance, the exercise of which they applied for. These rights include the retail sales of furniture. The planning director was required by law to grant the plaintiffs’ application insofar as it requested the use of the property consistent with the Amatulli variance, and the postapplication language of Ross cannot limit the rights of the plaintiffs. We, therefore, cannot accept the defendant’s first stated reason as having adequate support in the record.
The defendant’s second reason is that the “current use of the property does not conform to the [Amatulli variance].” As we have shown, the plaintiffs’ use with respect to the retail sale of furniture does conform with the Amatulli variance as it has come to be defined, and the defendant’s contrary assertion cannot find support in the record.
The judgment is reversed and the case is remanded with direction to sustain the plaintiffs’ appeal.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
R & R Pool and Home, Inc., is the predecessor to the plaintiff in this appeal, R & R Pool & Patio, Inc. For clarity, we hereafter refer to both R & R Pool & Home, Inc., and R & R Pool & Patio, Inc., as R & R Pool.
The individual plaintiffs are the principals of the plaintiff R & R Pool.
While the site plan case was pending, the owners executed and delivered a warranty deed conveying title to the property to the plaintiffs.
On April 6,1999, we granted the plaintiffs’ motion to take judicial notice of that case in this appeal.
The site plan application stated that R & R Pool would be selling fine furniture, “albeit it of the type which is generally used out of doors.”