231 Conn. 370 | Conn. | 1994
The issue presented by this appeal is whether an employer who properly intervenes pursuant
The relevant undisputed facts and procedural history are as follows. On May 18, 1987, while acting in the
The defendant moved for summary judgment against UPS, alleging that only a “traveler” may maintain an action under § 13a-149 and, in the alternative, that UPS had failed to file with the defendant the notice required by § 13a-149. The trial court, Dean, J., granted the defendant’s motion for summary judgment on the ground that UPS itself could not maintain its action against the defendant in view of the fact that UPS was not a “traveler” on the allegedly defective road.
Section 31-293 (a) authorizes an employer to obtain reimbursement for workers’ compensation benefits from a third party tortfeasor and, in so doing, implements the public policies of preventing double recovery by an injured employee; Durniak v. August Winter & Sons, Inc., 222 Conn. 775, 779-80, 610 A.2d 1277 (1992); and thereby containing the cost of workers’ compensation insurance. In accomplishing these objectives, the statute unconditionally and unambiguously authorizes reimbursement to the employer when the employer properly intervenes in the employee’s action against the third party tortfeasor and damages are recovered. Id., 780. There is no suggestion either in the plain language of § 31-293 (a) or in its legislative history that the legislature sought to limit the subrogation rights of an employer who otherwise complies with the requirements of that statute.
Moreover, “[w]e have repeatedly observed that our [Workers’ Compensation Act] represents a complex and
Similarly, there is no support for the defendant’s claim that the legislature intended § 13a-149 to serve as a bar to an employer’s right to reimbursement pursuant to § 31-293 (a) in connection with a claim by an injured employee against a municipality under the “highway defect” statute. In no respect is the right of UPS under § 31-293 (a) to obtain reimbursement from the defendant inconsistent with the requirement that only the plaintiff, as the injured “traveler,” may recover damages under § 13a-149. The employer’s claim against a municipality under § 13a-149, brought solely for the purpose of obtaining reimbursement for the payment of workers’ compensation benefits under § 31-293 (a), is derived entirely from the plaintiff’s right to recover damages against the municipality under § 13a-149. The injured “traveler,” therefore, retains the exclusive right to recover damages against a municipality for injuries sustained by virtue of a defective highway.
Contrary to the defendant’s arguments, moreover, our decision in Sanzone v. Board of Police Commissioners, supra, 219 Conn. 179, does not suggest a different result. We concluded in Sanzone that the spouse of an injured “traveler” may not maintain a loss of consortium claim against a municipality under § 13a-149, noting that such a claim under the “highway defect”
The defendant maintains, as an alternative basis upon which to affirm the judgment; see Practice Book § 4013 (a);
The judgment of the trial court is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.
General Statutes § 31-293 (a) provides: “When any injury for which compensation is payable under the provisions of [the Workers’ Compensation Act] has been sustained under circumstances creating in a third person other than the employer a legal liability to pay damages for the injury, the injured employee may claim compensation under the provisions of this chapter, but the payment or award of compensation shall not affect the claim or right of action of the injured employee against the third person, but the injured employee may proceed at law against the third person to recover damages for the injury; and any employer having paid, or having become obligated to pay, compensation under the provisions of this chapter may bring an action against the third person to recover any amount that he has paid or has become obligated to pay as compensation to the injured employee. If either the employee or the employer brings an action against the third person, he shall immediately notify the other, in writing, by personal presentation or by registered or certified mail, of the action and of the name of the court to which the writ is returnable, and the other may join as a party plaintiff in the action within thirty days after such notification, and, if the other fails to join as a party plaintiff, his right of action against the third person shall abate. In any case in which an employee brings an action against a third party in accordance with the provisions of this section, and the employer is a party defendant in the action, the employer may join as a party plaintiff in the action. The bringing of any action against an employer shall not constitute notice to the employer within the meaning of this section. If the employer and the employee join as parties plaintiff in the action and any damages are recovered, the damages shall be so apportioned that the claim of the employer, as defined in this section, shall take precedence over that of the injured employee in the proceeds of the recovery, after the deduction of reasonable and necessary expenditures, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the employee in effecting the recovery. The rendition of a judgment in favor of the employee or the employer against the third party shall not terminate the employer’s obligation to make further compensation which the commissioner thereafter deems payable to the injured employee. If the damages, after deducting the employee’s expenses as provided in this subsection, are more than sufficient to reimburse the employer, damages shall be assessed in his favor in a sum sufficient to reimburse him for his claim, and the excess shall be assessed in favor of the injured employee. No compromise with the third person by either the employer or the employee shall be binding upon or affect the rights of the other, unless assented to by him. For the purposes of this section, the claim of the employer shall consist of (1) the amount of any compensation which he has paid on account of the injury which is the subject of the suit and (2) an amount equal to the present worth of any probable future payments which he has by award become obligated to pay on account
General Statutes § 13a-149 provides: “Any person injured in person or property by means of a defective road or bridge may recover damages from the party bound to keep it in repair. No action for any such injury sustained on or after October 1,1982, shall be brought except within two years from the date of such injury. No action for any such injury shall be maintained against any town, city, corporation or borough, unless written notice of such injury and a general description of the same, and of the cause thereof and of the time and place of its occurrence, shall, within ninety days thereafter be given to a selectman or the clerk of such town, or to the clerk of such city or borough, or to the secretary or treasurer of such corporation. If the injury has been caused by a structure legally placed on such road by a railroad company, it, and not the party bound to keep the road in repair, shall be liable therefor. No notice given under the provisions of this section shall be held invalid or insufficient by reason of an inaccuracy in describing the injury or in stating the time, place or cause of its occurrence, if it appears that there was no intention to mislead or that such town, city, corporation or borough was not in fact misled thereby.”
The complaint also contained counts alleging loss of consortium and nuisance. The trial court granted the defendant’s motion to strike the nuisance count, as well as its motion for summary judgment on the loss of consortium count. The plaintiff has not appealed with respect to those counts.
General Statutes § 31-275 et seq.
At the conclusion of the hearing on the defendant’s motion for summary judgment, the trial court granted the motion without explanation, and UPS thereafter filed a motion for articulation. At a hearing on the motion for articulation, the trial court stated that the defendant was entitled to summary judgment against UPS because UPS was not a “traveler” as required by § 13a-149.
General Statutes § 52-557n provides in relevant part: “(a) (1) Except as otherwise provided by law, a political subdivision of the state shall be liable for damages to person or property caused by . . . (C) acts of the political subdivision which constitute the creation or participation in the creation of a nuisance; provided, no cause of action shall be maintained for damages resulting from injury to any person or property by means of a defective road or bridge except pursuant to section 13a-149.”
Practice Book § 4013 (a) provides in relevant part: “At the time the appellant sends a copy of the endorsed appeal form and the docket sheet to the appellate clerk, the appellant shall also send the appellate clerk an original and one copy of the following:
“(1) A preliminary statement of the issues intended for presentation on appeal. If any appellee wishes to (A) present for review alternate grounds upon which the judgment may be affirmed . . . that appellee shall file a preliminary statement of issues within fourteen days from the filing of the appellant’s preliminary statement of the issues.”
As we have noted, “[t]he statutory notice assists a town in settling claims promptly in order to avoid the expenses of litigation and encourages prompt investigation of conditions that may endanger public safety, as well as giving the town an early start in assembling evidence for its defense against meritless claims.” Sanzone v. Board of Police Commissioners, supra, 219 Conn. 198; see also Pratt v. Old Saybrook, 225 Conn. 177, 182, 621 A.2d 1322 (1993).
Indeed, to require the intervening employer to file its own notice of claim pursuant to § 13a-149 would, in some instances at least, give the employee the power to preclude the employer’s right to recover under the statute, by allowing the injured employee to delay notifying his employer of the injury until the ninety day period for notice under § 13a-149 had passed. This would arguably allow the employee to gain the double recovery that § 31-293 (a) aims to prevent.