Did the defendant herein sustain the burden of proof by a preponderance of the evidencе to overcome the dominant presumption in favor of the validity of a second ceremonial marriage, is the basic question before this Court. This case involves that presumption of validity of а second ceremonial marriage.
Plaintiff, Deloris Quinn, instituted action by a complaint for divorce against William H. Quinn upon the grounds of cruelty. William H. Quinn hied a counterclaim for annulment, alleging a preеxisting valid marriage between Deloris Quinn and one Floyd Thomas. A judgment dismissing the complaint for divorce and granting an annulment was entered by the circuit court for the reason that no valid marriage existed betwеen Deloris Quinn and William H. Quinn, since Deloris Quinn was then still married to Floyd Thomas and ineligible to enter into a contract of marriage with William II. Quinn.
Deloris Quinn entered into a ceremonial marriage with William H. Quinn on June 22, 1958, in the Wаyne county probate court. There was one child born during this marriage.
*538 The jurisprudence of our State has long upheld the existence of a strong presumption in favor of the validity of a secоnd ceremonial marriage where it is attacked on the ground that one of the parties was married to another.
“As early in our jiirisprudence as the case of Dixon v. People,18 Mich 84 , we have held that, where the validity of a marriage is attacked on the ground that one of the parties was married to another, a very strong presumption exists in favor of the validity of the second marriage, particularly where the second marriage was a ceremonial marriage and children were born during it. This ease involves that presumption of validity of a secоnd ceremonial marriage.” In re Adams Estate (1961),362 Mich 624 , 625.
Defendant, 'William H. Quinn, seeks an annulment of a marriage which is presumed to he valid. He must therefore establish with clear and positive proof that it was not valid. In re Adams Estate, supra.
It is not denied that Deloris Quinn, formerly Deloris Warren, entered into a ceremonial marriage with a Floyd Thomas on March 27, 1952, in DeSoto county, Mississippi. A marriage certificate was offered into evidence to substantiate this fact.
It is claimed by Deloris Quinn that the marriage with Floyd Thomas was not valid and, further, that at the time of her marriage to William H. Quinn, she believed Floyd Thomas to be dead. To the best of her knowledge, Floyd Thomas had never attempted to procure a divorce from her, nor had she ever received or been served with any divorce papers. She did, however, institute annulment proceedings in Alabama in 1962 and was granted an annulment decree which was admitted to he void because of jurisdictiоnal defects.
*539 William H. Quinn testified that he was introduced to Floyd Thomas at the home of plaintiff’s mother in Florence, Alabama, at the time of the mother’s funeral. Deloris Quinn denies this fact.
Defendant also intrоduced an undated letter from plaintiff’s grandmother who lived in Florence, Alabama, which referred to Floyd Thomas as though he were still alive.
This is the extent of William H. Quinn’s proof offered to rebut the presumption of the validity of his marriage to Deloris Quinn. The basis for the existence of the strong presumption in favor of a marriage was clearly stated in
Doertch
v.
Folwell Engineering Co.
(1930),
“The law presumes the validity of a ceremonial mаrriage. It is said this presumption is one of the strongest known to the law. It is founded not only on a presumption of innocence of the crime of bigamy on the part of the contracting parties and on the regularity of the acts of licensing and officiating officers but has a basis in the public policy to foster respectability and to protect the offspring from the taint of illegitimacy.”
This dominant presumption is not conclusive. It may be rebutted by a showing of facts or circumstances which establishes the validity or invalidity of the marriage conclusively, or raises an issue to be determined upon preрonderance of the evidence. In re Adams Estate, supra.
In Doertch v. Folwell Engineering Co., supra, at p 78, the Court referred to the absence оf plaintiff’s first husband and stated that this time (3 years) was wholly unaccounted for and was “ample to permit his death or divorce and the testimony did not establish, directly or by inference, the fact of his personаl or marital status at the time of the marriage of plaintiff and Doertch.”
*540 Iel the case at bar, thеre is a 6-year span between the marriage in 1952 of Deloris Quinn to Floyd Thomas and the marriage in 1958 of Deloris Quinn to William EL Quinn. The plaintiff testified she had seen Thomas once after the ceremony which toоk place in 1952 but prior to the present marriage. Defendant claims to have seen him at the funeral of Deloris Quinn’s mother. This is denied by plaintiff. Although the record raises the issue of Floyd Thomas being alive at the time plaintiff and defendant were married, it does not contain the preponderance of evidence necessary to overcome the dominant presumption.
We hold, therefоre, that the presumption in favor of the validity of the second ceremonial marriage was dominant.
Reversed and remanded for new trial.