260 P. 1101 | Cal. | 1927
Lead Opinion
Plaintiff appeals from a judgment against it after a demurrer to the complaint had been sustained and plaintiff had declined to amend. The complaint, after alleging the corporate capacity of the parties and the nature of their respective businesses, as disclosed by their corporate names, sets out, in the first count, that one of the power lines of the defendant extends from the city of Sacramento to the city of Suisun, a distance of about forty miles, over which the defendant transports normally an alternating electric current of high potentiality of about fifty-three thousand volts and that said line parallels the portion of said plaintiff's telegraph line for the entire distance between said cities, "being at no point more than two hundred and ten feet from the line of plaintiff and for a distance of about eight consecutive miles between said cities not more than twenty-one feet from plaintiff's line, and for a distance of five consecutive miles between said cities not more than 25 feet from plaintiff's line; and that the portion of said lines *384 of defendant between said cities was constructed many years after the construction of plaintiff's said line."
It is then alleged that by reason of the said high voltage of defendant's line, "there extends in all directions about it, a field of force for more than two hundred ten feet, and said field of force carries within such field many electric currents of high and varying intensity which are not controlled by or confined to said power lines and due to said proximity and parallelism of plaintiff's and defendant's said lines between said cities of Sacramento and Suisun, and the fact that said field of force extends in every direction about its said power lines and carries within such field many currents of high and varying intensity which are not controlled by or confined to said power lines, a portion of the electric current transported by defendant on said lines is at all times inducted on to plaintiff's said lines, thereby interfering with the transmission of telegraphic messages thereover and greatly decreasing the quickness and accuracy with which telegraphic messages can be transmitted over plaintiff's said line as compared with what would be the case if such induction did not exist. That said inductive interference has been increasing within the past three years and particularly interferes with the use of machine transmission of messages, and at times completely prevents the operation of said machines. That there have been within the past three years interruptions and breaks in the said lines of the defendant, causing at such times the current passing through defendant's said line to surge and rise in voltage, and said high voltage to be inducted on to plaintiff's said line between said cities whereby the said portions of plaintiff's said telegraph line and equipment thereof in this state have been burned out, destroyed and damaged, and on many occasions it has been impossible, for several hours at a time, to transmit telegraphic messages over said line, and the physical damage to plaintiff's said line and the equipment thereof, from such surges and induction, within three years last past has amounted to the sum of two thousand dollars."
[1] Appellant contends that these allegations constitute the defendant's power lines a nuisance, within the meaning of section
In the instant case the use of each party is extraordinary, and each makes a similar use, though different in degree. The distinction between the rights of parties thus situated and the respective rights of parties where one is engaged in the ordinary development of his land and the other is subjecting his land to an extraordinary use is pointed out in the case of Lake Shore M.S. Ry. Co. v. Chicago etc. Ry. Co.,
In Phillippay v. Pacific Power Light Co.,
The case of Yamhill Co. Mut. Tel. Co. v. Yamhill Elec. Co.,
The federal court rule also seems in harmony with the cases hereinbefore cited, for in Cumberland Tel. Tel. Co. v.United Elec. R. Co., 42 Fed. 273, 284 [12 L.R.A. 544], it was said: `We think the obligation is upon the telephone company to adopt it, and that defendants are not bound to indemnify it; in other words, that the damage incidentally done to the complainant is not such as is justly chargeable to the defendants. Unless we are to hold that the telephone company has a monopoly of the use of the earth, and of all the earth within the city of Nashville, for its feeble current, not only as against the defendants, but as against all forms of electrical energy which, in the progress of science and invention, may hereafter require its use, we do not see how this bill can be maintained."
[2] It seems unnecessary to multiply authorities to the same effect and we shall pass to the second cause of action, which was based upon negligence. In considering the complaint, we must remember that the demurrer interposed thereto was both general and special and when the order was made sustaining it, the plaintiff was given leave to amend, but declined to do so.
After reiterating the pertinent allegations of the first cause of action, the statement of the second cause of action continues: "That the portion of defendant's power lines between said cities of Sacramento and Suisun, and its power lines in various otherportions of said State of California, all of which are connected up with said power lines between said cities of Sacramento and Suisun, are negligently constructed, and defendant has at all times negligently failed to keep the same in repair, and the same are negligently constructed, maintained, operated and equipped; that old, weak, wooden poles, with single-pin insulators are used, and that many of said poles have rotted and broken off near the bottom, and have not been replaced by other poles, and have been imperfectly stubbed, and that said portions are too weak to properly support the wires strung on the same, *388 and that said wires are negligently placed so that the wires of plaintiff are within the field of force of said 53,000 volt current.
"That by reason of the premises, there have been breaks in the defendant's lines, causing the current passing through defendant's said lines to surge and immediately rise in voltage above the said 53,000 volts, and to be inducted on to the plaintiff's said line between said cities, whereby the same andother portions of plaintiff's said line and equipment in thisstate have been burned out, destroyed and damaged; and that the physical damage to plaintiff's said lines and equipment thereof from such surges and induction has been $2,000."
It needs no citation of authority to support a ruling against such general allegations. Defendant is not required to meet, without notice, evidence regarding lines of plaintiff and defendant all over the state of California. Neither the time, the place, nor the nature of the negligence relied upon are fixed by plaintiff's pleading and the special demurrer thereto was properly sustained.
In the exercise of its regulatory power, the Railroad Commission has already made an order, affirmed by this court, for the relocation of appellant's line, the cost thereof to be borne equally by appellant and respondent herein. (Postal Tel. CableCo. v. Railroad Com.,
The judgment appealed from is affirmed.
Richards, J., Seawell, J., and Curtis, J., concurred.
Dissenting Opinion
I concur in the foregoing opinion in so far as it holds that the special demurrer to the second cause of action was properly sustained, but I dissent from that portion of the opinion which holds that the first count fails to state a cause of action. The first count in my opinion clearly alleges a continuing nuisance in that the defendant so installed and maintained its transmission *389 lines that its high voltage currents were inducted on to and interfered with the operation of the plaintiff's telegraph lines, causing substantial damage thereto. It is alleged that the induction interferes with the use of machine transmission of telegraph messages and at times completely prevents the operation of said machines.
Included in the definition of a nuisance is the obstruction to the free use of property. (Sec.
Waste, C.J., concurred.