91 F. 494 | 5th Cir. | 1898
(after stating the facts). The plaintiff in error complains that the trial judge refused to give four special charges which he requested. He further complains that the court overruled his motion for a new trial, and entered a judgment of conviction against him upon three indictments as consolidated. There are two bills of exception in the cause. They contain no matter other than the four special charges refused by the trial court and the testimony on the question of fleeing from justice.
The first charge set out in the bills of exception requested the court to direct the acquittal of the defendant as to indictment No. 1,148, on the ground that “the government had failed to offer any proof that the defendant had ever embezzled any lawful legal tender money of the United States from the First National Bank of Austin as alleged in the indictment,” We fail to see how the plaintiff in error was prejudiced by this failure of proof. The averment was a matter of surplusage. Besides, indictment No. 1,175, which is not open to the charge which the plaintiff in error makes against indictment No. 1,148, is, as the counsel for plaintiff in error state in their brief, for the same offense as that charged in indictment No. 1,148. There was a general verdict on the three consolidated indictments, and the sentence was the minimum which could have been imposed under any one of the three indictments. These three indictments, after consolidation, are to be considered as one indictment, containing three counts. It is
The second charge set out in the bills of exception requested the court to direct an acquittal in causes Nos. 1,174 and 1,175, “upon the ground that said indictments show on their faces that they were found more than three years after the alleged commission of the offenses charged therein; that said offenses were therefore barred by limitation under the laws-of the United States.” It is plain that this charge was properly refused, as indictments Nos. 1,174 and 1,175 contained the averment that the defendant had fled from justice. The defendant then requested the. court to instruct the jury, in causes Nos. 1,174 and 1,175, “that the offenses charged in each of said indictments were barred by the statute of limitations, because the government had failed to offer any competent testimony to establish the fact that. defendant, W. S. Porter, had been a fugitive from justice under the constitution and laws of the United States.” This charge was cor-. rectly refused, because the evidence on the question of flight from justice, which is contained in one of the bills of exception, was matter which it was proper to leave to the jury.
In connection with the charge just stated, the defendant requested the court to charge the jury “that, to be a ‘fugitive from justice/ in the sense that the indictments in said two causes charged, it is not necessary that the party should have left the United States, where the crime is alleged to have been committed, before indictment found, or for the purpose of avoiding a prosecution anticipated or begun, but simply that, having within a state committed that which is by law a crime, when he is sought to be subjected to its processes, he has left its jurisdiction, and is found in the territory of another state.” This charge is evidently an almost literal excerpt ffom the opinion of the supreme court in Roberts v. Reilly, 116 U. S. 80-97, 6 Sup. Ct. 291, which was-a case dealing with the question of interstate extradition. The charge, if it had been given to the jury in this case, would have had the effect of instructing them that, to constitute “fleeing from justice,” in the sense in which those words are used in section 1045, Rev. St. U. S., the alleged offender must be found in another jurisdiction. This, of course, is not the law. In Streep v. U. S., 160 U. S. 128, 16 Sup. Ct. 244, it was said that “it is quite clear that any person who takes himself out of the jurisdiction, with the intention of avoiding being brought to justice for a particular offense, can have no benefit of the limitation.” It is perfectly clear that while, in matters of interstate extradition, no case can arise until the alleged offender 'is found, a totally different question is presented under section 1045, Rev. St. U. S. The counsel for the plaintiff in error seem to have proceeded upon the false theory that, to constitute fleeing from- justice, under section 1045, Id., a person must not only have left the'jurisdiction of the court for the purpose of avoiding a prosecution/but tha£ he must besides be found within the territory of
We find it stated in the brief of counsel for plaintiff in error that the trial judge refused to submit to the jury the question whether the plain tiff.in error had fled from justice. If this statement were sustained by the record, a serious question would be presented; but we find nothing in the bills of exception to sustain the statement. The counsel for the defendant did not proceed upon the view that the question of flight was one for the jury, but upon the theory that the defendant was entitled to have the jury instructed that the government had failed to prove that be had fled from justice, and that therefore the jury must acquit as to indictments Nos. 1,174 and 1,175. This court, in a criminal case, can review no error which is not preserved by a bill of exception, or which is not apparent on the face of the record. The record in this case shows no error apparent upon its face, and all the matter contained in the bills of exception is without merit. An entirely different case would be presented if the plaintiff in error had requested the trial judge to submit the question of flight to the jury, and if, upon the judge’s refusal to do so, the point had been duly preserved for review by us. The judgment of the lower court is affirmed.