Plaintiffs appeal as of right the circuit court’s order granting summary disposition against them on their medical malpractice claim. The trial court’s decision was based on a failure to plead medical malpractice with the required specificity and plaintiffs’ failure to present expert testimony on the standard of care.
In April, 1983, plaintiff Leonard Porter underwent open heart surgery at the defendant Henry Ford Hospital. Following surgery, Porter developed an infection which required approximately twenty-seven months to bring under control with treatment at the University of Michigan Hospital.
On April 10, 1985, plaintiffs filed a medical malpractice action. The complaint stated that Porter did not receive appropriate care after demon- , *708 strating signs of an infection. Plaintiffs alleged the following acts were a breach of duties owed to him: (1) failing to take adequate steps to avoid or minimize the development of an infectious process; (2) failing to take adequate steps to avoid or minimize the development of osteomyelitis; and (3) failing to recognize signs and symptoms of an infectious process.
On March 16, 1988, the scheduled trial date, defendant moved for summary disposition. It contended that plaintiffs’ complaint did not comply with the specificity requirements for medical malpractice pleadings. It also argued that the complaint should be dismissed because plaintiffs had no expert witnesses to testify to the standard of care. The court dismissed the complaint on both grounds.
On appeal, plaintiffs first argue that the trial court erred in holding they failed to state a cause of action. They contend the complaint was specific enough to put defendant on notice as to the nature of the claim.
In reviewing a grant of summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(8), we are obligated to accept as true all well-pled facts. We then determine whether the plaintiff’s claim, on the pleadings, is so clearly unenforceable as a matter of law that no factual development can possibly justify a right to recovery.
Monusko v Postle,
Defendant, relying on
Simonelli v
Cassidy,
However we believe the panel in
Martinez v Redford Community Hospital,
Many medical malpractice actions involve a complex and technical factual basis which is outside the knowledge of the ordinary layperson. In considering the averments provided in a complaint "the court must be able to draw but one inference from the facts, as stated, and not from the pleader’s inferences.” Thus where the facts which form the basis of the action are outside the common knowledge of the ordinary layperson, a greater degree of specificity in the complaint will be required so as to lead the court to only one inference. This generalization is not a hard and fast rule peculiar to medical malpractice actions but, rather, the simple application of GCR 1963, 111.1(1) [MCR 2.111(B)(1)] to any factually complicated lawsuit. [Citation omitted. Martinez, 230.]
Where the factual basis of the alleged malpractice is within the knowledge of the ordinary layperson, the cause may be pled with less specificity than a more complicated, technical malpractice claim. The crucial question is whether the com *710 plaint is specific enough to provide the- defendant with notice of the allegations against which he must defend. Martinez, 233.
After reviewing plaintiffs complaint, we conclude that the allegations were concrete enough to enable defendant to prepare its defense. We note that additional specifics, such as leaving a felt pledget inside Porter, were discovered after the lawsuit was filed. Plaintiffs would not be barred from relying on these facts simply because they were discovered after the suit began. One purpose of discovery is to enable plaintiff to substantiate and specify his case. Defendant had the ability to learn which facts were uncovered after filing. If there was any doubt, a motion for a more definite statement or interrogatories would insure that the defendant was fully informed. We do not find that plaintiffs’ claim is clearly unenforceable. The trial court erred in dismissing the complaint for failure to state a claim.
We also conclude that the court erred in dismissing the claim by reason of plaintiffs’ failure to designate an expert witness. A plaintiff in a medical malpractice case is required to use expert testimony to establish the standard of professional care.
Francisco v Parchment Medical Clinic, PC,
Plaintiffs informed defendant and the trial court that they intended to establish the standard of care through defendant’s expert witnesses. Defense counsel responded that its experts would testify there was no deviation from the standard. The *711 court need not feel bound by such representations of counsel. The issue of a breach of standard of care is within the province of the factfinder, not the trial court on summary disposition and certainly not defense counsel. Niemi, 331. The trial court erred in dismissing plaintiffs’ claim because of a failure to designate expert witnesses.
Reversed. We do not retain jurisdiction.