111 Cal. 159 | Cal. | 1896
Action to recover a balance due upon a contract for the purchase of fruit, alleged to have been made by defendant with the plaintiff. Plaintiff
The only question involved is whether the evidence sustains the finding that defendant made the contract sued upon; and this question depends upon whether one F. W. Willis, who made the contract with plaintiff in the name of defendant, was the agent of the latter for the purpose.
Whether the evidence is sufficient to establish precedent authority in Willis, either express or implied, to make the contract in question, is one sharply mooted— the defendant claiming that it is not, and the plaintiff, with apparently equal confidence, contending that it is ample. In the view we take of the case, however, it is unnecessary to state or discuss the evidence or the divergent views of counsel upon that phase of the controversy, since in our judgment the record very clearly discloses a subsequent ratification of the contract by defendant. Defendant’s place of business is in the city of San Francisco, where it deals in dried fruits and other commodities. The contract with plaintiff was made on May 19,1894, at the home of the latter, in the county of Colusa. It was made by Willis, who represented himself to plaintiff as the agent of defendant for the purchase of the fruit, and was in writing, and was signed: “ J. K. Armsby Company, by Frank W. Willis, agent.” Subsequently, on May 25,1894, and before the delivery of any fruit under the contract, plaintiff wrote to defendant this letter:
“Colusa, Cal., May 25, 1894.
“ J. K. Armsby Co., San Francisco.
“Gentlemen: I have sold my green fruit to you and have a contract to that effect, signed J. K. Armsby Company, by Frank Willis, as agent. Now, what I want to know, is F. W. Willis your agent for buying green fruit, and is the contract correct ? Your immediate answer, and oblige, “ Yours truly,
“ J. H. Pope.”
“ San Francisco, May 26, 1894.
“ John H. Pope, Esq., Colusa, Cal.
“ Dear Sirs: We have yours of the 25th. Mr. Willis bought some apricots on our advice, but we are not aware he bought them in our name. We will handle them, however, and think there is no question on the money part of the transaction. The writer expects to visit your section within the next week or two, and will arrange the matter satisfactorily with you then.
“ Yours truly,
“J. K. Armsby Co.
“ Freeman.”
It is at once apparent that this letter from the defendant is not entirely open and ingenuous. It does not answer the question put by plaintiff, whether Willis was its agent in the premises, in a categorical manner by sajdng, in terms, that he was or was not such agent. But the language used and the assurances therein conveyed authorize, we think, but one inference, and that the one put upon it by plaintiff, that the contract was all right, and defendant would see it carried out. If this is not what the defendant intended plaintiff to understand, it was exceedingly unfortunate in the choice of language to express its meaning. If defendant intended to repudiate the transaction, it was its duty to do so explicitly, and in such terms as to leave no room for plaintiff to be misled by drawing an inference which defendant did not intend to convey. It was not essential that the ratification should be in express terms in order to bind the principal. If it is fairly inferable from the words or conduct of the party it is sufficient. Like the act of conferring antecedent authority upon an agent, it may be either express or implied. (Ralphs v. Hensler, 97 Cal. 296: Puget Sound Lumber Co. v. Krug, 89 Cal. 237.)
It is said that defendant’s letter was not a ratification
Defendant did not excuse himself from further inquiry by merely asking its representative, Mr. Willis, if he had made such a contract in its name, and getting his assurance that he had not. It knew that Willis was operating in plaintiff's neighborhood in buying fruit, in which he was to a certain extent representing the defendant; and being explicitly informed that he had
Under these circumstances, we think the defendant clearly estopped from.denying the contract,
The judgment and order are affirmed.
Garoutte, J., and Harrison, J., concurred.
Hearing in Bank denied.