This is an action for assault and battery alleged to have been committed upon plaintiff by defendants while plaintiff was a patron at defendant McMullen’s restaurant and cocktail lounge. The case was tried to a jury. A verdict was returned for defendants. Plaintiff appeals from the resulting judgment.
There is no dispute in the evidence that the scuffle did take place between plaintiff and defendants Me- *463 Mullen and McMullen’s employee, Vanderzee. Plaintiff alleged and testified that in addition to being hit by defendants, that defendant McMullen sprayed his face with mace. Defendants acknowledge that plaintiff did get sprayed in the face with mace but claim it was accidental. The principal issue presented by plaintiff on this appeal is that the court erred in instructing the jury upon the issue of self-defense when that issue had not been adequately plead in defendants’ answer.
The only challenge to the defendants’ answer made to the trial court was in the form of exceptions made to instructions given by the court and by the requested instructions submitted by plaintiff that were not given. On this appeal plaintiff for the first time submits what is, in essence, a demurrer that the allegations of the answer do not adequately allege self-defense. It is axiomatic that a pleading first challenged here is construed favorably to the pleader. If the pleading can be construed as stating a cause of action or a defense, it will be upheld.
Carter v. Kelley,
1958,
In this instance the affirmative defense alleged that “as the consequence of Plaintiff’s attack upon Defendants, Defendants necessarily defended their persons from bodily harm by placing their hands on Plaintiff.” Although this pleading could have more fully stated defendants’ contentions, it does meet the test required. The opinion in
Moe v. Jolly Joan and Howser,
1965,
A further assignment urges that when the court was reviewing the pleadings to the jury the defenses were over-emphasized by repetition. The court did *464 summarize the pleadings to the jury hut there was no more undue emphasis on the defenses alleged than on plaintiff’s allegations. We have examined all the instructions given hy the court and find them fair.
Another assignment claims that the court erred in one instruction in referring to plaintiff as an “assailant.” The particular instruction was cast in generalized, abstract terms in which the court was defining the meaning and the requirements of self-defense. The use of the word could not have been construed by the jury as having particular reference to the plaintiff or that the court was branding him as an assailant in the particular factual situation. As stated, the whole of the instructions were fair as to both parties.
Other assignments complain of the failure to give certain requested instructions. The subject matter of the requested instruction was given by the court in other instructions given.
The last assignment claims error in an instruction which told the jury that the invitation to enter a business premise may be revoked at any time and the proprietor may employ such force as is or appears reasonably necessary to eject a disorderly person who refuses to leave on request. On appeal plaintiff complains that instructions did not also tell the jury that it was necessary that defendants give plaintiff a reasonable time to leave after he had been told to do so.
As stated in the case of
Smith v. Fields Chevrolet,
1964,
We find no error in the proceedings and the judgment is affirmed.