Defendant Johnson, a driver in an automobile negligence action, appeals from denial of her motion in arrest of a consolidated judgment in plaintiff’s favor against both her and Cheers, Inc., a defendant sued under Vermont’s Dram Shop Act, 7 V.S.A. § 501 et seq. We affirm.
Plaintiff was injured when she was involved in an automobile accident with defendant. She sued defendant as the driver of the other car and in a separate action sued Cheers, Inc. and a second tavern under the Dram Shop Act, alleging liability for the same injuries resulting from the accident. Plaintiff moved under V.R.C.P. 42(a) for consolidation, but defendant, objected, and the trial court ordered the suits to be tried jointly, but not to be consolidated. In the joint trial, the jury returned separate verdicts against defendant and against Cheers, Inc., 1 each in the amount of $50,000. The verdict against Cheers preceded the verdict against defendant by a day. Thereafter the court issued a consolidated judgment for $47,500, reflecting the amount of the verdict, less the amount recovered in a settlement with the other Dram Shop Act *272 defendant. Defendant moved in arrest of judgment, based on both Vermont case law and grounds of public policy, arguing that a consolidated judgment was improper where the actions had not been consolidated for trial and that plaintiff had in effect elected to enforce her rights solely against the Dram Shop Act defendants.
Defendant advances three theories to support her argument of an election by plaintiff: the first under 12 V.S.A. § 1036, the comparative negligence statute; a second based on policy considerations under the Dram Shop Act; and a third under Vermont case law.
Defendant’s comparative negligence argument is based on the fact that the verdict against Cheers came before the verdict against her. The significance of this timing is, as defendant argues, that under Vermont’s comparative negligence statute, 12 V.S.A. § 1036, joint and several liability has been replaced with several liability.
Howard v. Stafford,
Defendant has raised the issue of her rights under § 1036 for the first time on appeal in this Court. She failed to raise the applicability of the statute during trial or in her arrest of judgment motion. In
English v. Myers,
Even if we reached the § 1036 issue, we point out that defendant would face some difficult hurdles under the statute. ■ While Howard v. Stafford held that several liability has replaced joint and several liability where 12 V.S.A. § 1036 applies, there is serious question whether the statute applies in this case for three reasons. We raise these issues only to show that the failure to raise the applicability of § 1036 in the trial court is more than a technical omission. This case involves *273 important questions about the application of comparative negligence principles that need development in the trial court.
First, the statute provides for apportionment among defendants, suggesting that only those joined in the same action should be considered in apportioning damages. See
Howard v. Spafford,
Second, the theory of liability against Cheers does not clearly fall under the statute. Cheers was held liable under the dram shop statute, 7 V.S.A. § 501. Liability under that statute is not based on negligence. See
id.; Langle v. Kurkul,
Third, there is no allegation that the plaintiff was negligent in this case. We note that the New Hampshire Supreme Court has held that its nearly identical statute does not apply to create several liability in the absence of an allegation of negligence on the part of the plaintiff. See
Lavoie v. Hollinracke,
*274
Defendant next argues that the Dram Shop Act preempts plaintiff’s remedy against her. While we have held that the Act preempts a common law negligence action against the supplier of intoxicating liquor,
Winney v. Ransom & Hastings, Inc.,
The party injured or his legal representatives may bring either a joint action against the person intoxicated and the person or persons who furnished the liquor and the owner of the building, or a separate action against either or any of them.
7 V.S.A. § 501. 2 This sentence specifically provides for a separate action against the intoxicated person. The policy underlying Vermont’s adoption of the Dram Shop Act did not undermine the policy against drinking and driving by individuals served by bars and taverns. Absent specific legislative direction, it is not for the courts to prefer one strong policy over another.
Finally, defendant argues that our common law dictates that a judgment against one joint tortfeasor prevents a judgment against another. Where liability is joint and several, as here, “a verdict in favor of one will not discharge the others.” Prosser & Keeton on Torts § 47, at 328 (5th ed. 1984). The verdict against Cheers in this case did not prevent a verdict and judgment against defendant.
Defendant has also objected in this Court and below that the consolidated judgment was incorrect since the actions were not joined. Defendant’s position is correct, but the error has not resulted in harm to either defendant and is readily corrected within the mandate to be issued herein.
English v. Myers,
*275 The consolidated judgment of June 1, 1987 shall be reissued as two separate judgments, each of the same date and tenor as the original. The judgment of the trial court is otherwise affirmed.