463 F. Supp. 972 | D.S.C. | 1978
ORDER ON DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ■
This matter is before the court on defendants’ motion for summary judgment pursuant to Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
In arriving at its decision the court has reviewed all pleadings, depositions to date, answers to interrogatories, and affidavits.
Plaintiff charges defendants, all of whom are either members of the Sheriff’s Department of Newberry County or of the South Carolina Highway Patrol, with a series of personal harassments and in addition, harassment of his business, promulgated under color of their authority as state officers. He claims a right of action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
(1) The actions of defendant officers in conducting a license check near plaintiff’s tavern on June 16, 1974, when some eighty (80) cars were stopped.
(2) The refusal of the Newberry County Sheriff’s Department to provide plaintiff with normal law enforcement protection after a demand was made for such on March 14, 1975.
(3) The issuance to plaintiff of a parking ticket by defendant Duvall in May, 1975.
(4) The fact that in the .summer of 1974, defendants circulated through plaintiff’s place of business.
(5) One of defendants began the circulation of a petition among the local churches, which was against plaintiff’s tavern operations.
(6) Defendant Henderson’s instigation of public nuisance proceedings to close plaintiff’s place of business.
(7) Defendant Henderson appearing in a proceeding before the A.B.C. Commission seeking the revocation of plaintiff’s beer and wine license;
Plaintiff alleges all of these actions originated from the fight in which Chrisley’s son was involved. There is no suggestion in the affidavits or depositions to indicate that any of the other defendants either knew of the fight or took offense at plaintiff on account of it. On the other hand, the record is replete with undisputed evidence of the many complaints received by the Sheriff’s Department about the operations of plaintiff’s tavern.
Plaintiff’s complaint of a license check does not show any violation of plaintiff’s right to liberty. He was not stopped, and no one was prevented from entering his tavern. His only objection to the check was that it inconvenienced people, some of whom may have been intending to patronize his tavern. This however is a natural and necessary incident of a license check when conducted near any business. These checks are a normal operation.
The traffic arrest of plaintiff almost a year after the fight seems too remote to fit into plaintiff’s theory that all the incidents were part of a conspiracy instigated by defendant Chrisley and participated in by all the other officers. Plaintiff would give color to this arrest by alleging that this was the only traffic ticket issued by defendant Duvall, even though there were others who were ticketed for illegal parking also. Apparently plaintiff seeks fargive this incident the appearance of selective law enforcement. However, the record shows conclusively that other officers issued traffic summons to others for the same offense at the same time.
A single failure of defendant to respond promptly to a call hardly demonstrates that defendants were consciously seeking to deny protection to plaintiff’s property.
So far as the fact that defendant officers from time to time visited plaintiff’s tavern, should have been a cause for gratitude rather than one of complaint, since plaintiff was so often complaining of the difficulties he had at his tavern.
It is difficult to find state action in the circulation by one of defendants of a petition against plaintiff’s business in the local churches. Plaintiff’s business was a source of considerable notoriety in the community. In appealing to the church people, defendant m question was acting m a personal, not an official capacity.
There seems no dispute that plaintiff had a firearm at his tavern and fired it. A person not identified with defendants signed an affidavit for a warrant on account of just such an incident.
The final claims of plaintiff center on the action of defendant Henderson in attempting to close plaintiff’s tavern as a public nuisance. There is not the slightest dispute that the Sheriff received many complaints involving the operation of plaintiff’s tavern and that he had been called to the tavern often because of disturbances there.
To sum up, the court finds no basis on which plaintiff’s claim for a constitutional tort under § 1983 can rest. This court would also like to point out that all the incidents of which plaintiff complains were carefully studied. The above discussion deals with the major events, which is not to say that they were the only ones studied. The court, however, feels that they were the only ones with possible constitutional dimensions to merit discussion. For the above stated reasons, this court is persuaded that summary judgment for defendant should be granted.
AND IT IS SO ORDERED.
. Plaintiff originally alleged conspiracy, however he has since withdrawn his claim for relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1985. (See Griffin v. Breckenridge, 403 U.S. 88, 102, 91 S.Ct. 1790, 29 L.Ed.2d 338 (1971) requiring some racial or perhaps otherwise class based, invidious discrimination to support a conspiracy claim.)
. See Gajon Bar and Grill, Inc. v. Kelly, 508 F.2d 1317 (2d Cir. 1974) where “demogogic statements” of a Town Supervisor’s intent to eliminate topless dancing in a locality were not deemed sufficient evidence of a bad faith prosecution or harassment to enjoin a pending prosecution.
Mere threats of legal action standing alone cannot constitute a § 1983 violation. Paul v. Davis, 424 U.S. 693, 96 S.Ct. 1155, 47 L.Ed.2d 405 (1976); Ashenhurst v. Carey, 355 F.Supp. 1101 (D.C.Ill.1973).
. See the various offense reports submitted with defendant’s memorandum.
. See the sworn statements of plaintiff contained in his deposition taken prior to the nuisance hearing. He admitted there were underage people in his establishment “every day”. Dep. p. 14. He admitted to exchanges of money “on the pool tables” p. 16, and to operating his business as late as 6 A.M. (p. 27). He was unable to deny that “on numerous occasions” crowds congregated outside his door with beer cans.
. Courts have consistently upheld the right of law enforcement officers to make routine license checks conducted in good faith for purposes of traffic safety. Myricks v. United States, 370 F.2d 901 (5th Cir. 1967). See also: U. S. v. Lebinski, 460 F.2d 234 (10th Cir. 1972); South Dakota v. Opperman, 428 U.S. 364, 367 n. 5, 96 S.Ct. 3092, 49 L.Ed.2d 1000 (1976); Cady v. Dombrowski, 413 U.S. 433, 442, 93 S.Ct. 2523, 37 L.Ed.2d 706 (1973); Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968).
. Oyler v. Boies, 368 U.S. 448, 456, 82 S.Ct. 501, 7 L.Ed.2d 446 (1962); Snowden v. Hughes, 321 U.S. 1 (1943).
. See Bailey affidavit and Inman affidavit.
. Oyler v. Boies, supra.
. Mere refusal to investigate a particular offense cannot constitute a § 1983 violation. Modla v. Chrysler Corp., 448 F.2d 769 (6th Cir. 1971), cert. den. 403 U.S. 909, 91 S.Ct. 2206, 29 L.Ed.2d 687 (1971).
. See Offense Reports.
. Taylor v. Nichols, 409 F.Supp. 927 (D.Kan. 1976), affd. 558 F.2d 561 (10th Cir. 1977).
. See Thomas A. Juy’s affidavit given before Magistrate Zobel.
. A law enforcement officer, such as Sheriffs deputy, possesses a duty to serve a warrant valid on its face, regardless of validity. Agnew v. City of Compton, 239 F.2d 222, 231 (9th Cir. 1956); Bur v. Gilbert, 415 F.Supp. 335 (E.D. Wis.1976); Bowens v. Knazze, 237 F.Supp. 826, 829 (N.D.Ill.1965).
. Plaintiff contended that the fact the deputy refused to accept a cash bond in the amount that he (deputy) established until the Magistrate intervened, constituted cruel and unusual punishment and denied him “freedom from excessive bail.” Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651, 97 S.Ct. 1401, 51 L.Ed.2d 711 (1977) mandates that the cruel and unusual punishment clause only applies to convictions for crimes. Supra, p. 664, 97 S.Ct. 1401. Also it is elementary that law enforcement officers, possess no statutory authority to grant bail, excessive or otherwise. See: 8 Am.Jur.2d, Bail and Recognizance § 9, 21; Basista v. Weir, 225 F.Supp. 619 (D.C.Pa.1964), Affd. in part, rev’d. in part on other grounds, 340 F.2d 74 (3rd Cir. 1965).
. See Offense Reports.
. Plaintiff has the burden of proving the nonexistence of probable cause. Otherwise, irrespective of motive the initiation of proceedings were legal. Ruff v. Eckerd Drugs, Inc., 265 S.C. 563, 220 S.E.2d 649. See also: Huffman v. Pursue, 420 U.S. 592, 95 S.Ct. 1200, 43 L.Ed.2d 482 (1975); Kugler v. Helfant, 421 U.S. 117, 95 S.Ct. 1524, 44 L.Ed.2d 15 (1975). Pursuant to the state law elements of public nuisance, State v. Turner, 198 S.C. 487, 18 S.E.2d 372, and upon examination of the record, there can be no doubt that defendant possessed probable cause to initiate the proceeding. Plaintiff has not alleged otherwise.
. After studying the record it would be impossible for anyone to conclude otherwise. It is replete with facts, indicating defendant had a reasonable belief and probable cause that plaintiffs place of business constituted a nuisance and that the proceedings had a reasonable expectation of success. Kugler v. Helfant, 421 U.S. 117, 95 S.Ct. 1524, 44 L.Ed.2d 15 (1975).