56 P. 1049 | Okla. | 1899
Action by Pinson and Sunday, against S. R. Prentise. A judgment for plaintiffs before a justice was reversed, and plaintiffs bring error. Affirmed.
Opinion of the court by This was an action brought by the plaintiffs in error against the defendant in error, in a justice court in Kay county, to recover $9.50 for work and labor performed for one C. M. Houghland. To the plaintiff's bill of particulars, the defendant filed an answer containing a general denial. The cause was tried without a jury, and judgment was rendered in favor of the plaintiff for $9.50. The defendant appealed from this judgment to the district court, where the cause was tried *145 de novo by the court, both parties waiving a trial by jury. The district court held that the claim upon which the plaintiffs based their action was an oral contract, and was within the provisions of the statute of frauds, and therefore void. Judgment was rendered in favor of the defendant for the costs of the action. The plaintiffs bring the cause here on appeal.
The first error assigned is that the district court erred in not rendering judgment in favor of the plaintiffs, and against the defendant, on the pleadings. This contention is not tenable. The plaintiff's action was based upon a verified account. It is true that the defendant's answer, which contained a general denial, was not verified in the justice court, but, before the case came on for trial in the district court, the defendant asked and obtained leave from the district court to file an amended answer, which was duly verified. Section 4766, Statutes of Oklahoma, 1893, provides: "That the case shall be tried de novo in the district court, upon the original papers on which the case was tried before the justice, unless the appellate court, in furtherance of justice, allow amended pleadings to be made, or new pleadings to be filed." Where a case is appealed from a justice court, the right to amend the pleadings before the trial is commenced rest largely within the sound discretion of the district court, which will not be disturbed by this court unless such discretion has been abused. In this case, it was certainly in the furtherance of justice to permit the defendant to amend his answer.
The second assignment of error is that the judgment of the district court is not sustained by the evidence. Upon the trial of this cause, the district court, after *146 hearing all the evidence, made the following finding: "That the contract claimed by the plaintiffs in this action was an oral contract, and falls within the statute of frauds, and is void;" and upon this finding, the court entered judgment in favor of the defendant for the costs of the action.
We have repeatedly held that a finding of the trial court upon a controverted question of fact will not be disturbed by this court unless such finding of the court is clearly against the weight of the evidence. (Penny v. Fellner,
In this case the evidence is conclusive that the transaction between the plaintiffs and the defendant was merely a parole promise or agreement to answer or pay the debt of another, and hence it clearly comes within the very letter of section 821 of the statute of frauds of this Territory, and cannot be enforced. (Gump v. Halberstadt, [Or.] 15 P. 467; Nelson v.Boynton, 3 Metc. [Mass.] 396; Mallory v. Gillett,
It is next contended by the plaintiffs in error that the court erred in overruling the motion for a new trial "proforma," and that this was "grievous error," for which this case should be reversed, and remanded for new trial. In support of this contention, counsel has cited the following authorities:Larabee v. Hall,
The case of Nesbit v. Hines,
But we are of the opinion that, where a case involves questions of fact to be determined by the jury, a different rule of practice should be adopted than in cases tried by the court, which involves purely questions of law, or both questions of law and fact. In the case of Railroad Co. v.Keeler,
"The jury failed to respond intelligently to some of the questions put to them, and the court, by overruling the plaintiffs motion merely pro forma did not indicate whether it approved the verdict and findings of the jury or not. * * Possibly, taking the entire action of the court, it would indicate that the court had no opinion on the subject, and yet this can hardly be supposed. Ordinarily the trial court, in the decision of any question, renders a judgment or makes an order merely pro forma. The supreme court, in reviewing the same, will order the judgment to be rendered, or the order to be made, which should have been rendered or made in the first instance."
The rule is well settled in this Territory, as well as in other jurisdictions, that, where the legislature has adopted the statute of another state, that statute comes with the construction placed upon it by the highest court of the state from whence it is adopted. But this rule has no application to the case at bar. There is nothing in the Kansas statute that provides in what manner or form *150 a motion for a new trial shall be considered by the court. The statute simply prescribes the time for the filing a motion for a new trial, and the grounds upon which said motion shall be based. Hence, the rule which the supreme court of Kansas has adopted is merely a rule of practice, and not a question of statutory construction. It being merely a rule of practice, this court it not bound by it, and is at liberty to disregard it, unless there is some cogent reason for its adoption in this Territory. The absurdity of such a rule is clearly apparent by applying it to the case at bar. This case was tried by the court. The evidence was very brief; in fact, the plaintiffs could not recover on their own testimony. The law of the case is well settled, and as a necessary consequence, it did not take the court long to reach a conclusion, and a proper conclusion, in the case. It would be absurd for the court to be compelled to listen to an argument, review the testimony, and give his reasons upon the law governing the case, and then pass upon the motion for a new trial. It is not necessary for anisi prius court to announce its reasons for sustaining or overruling a motion for a new trial, and the manner of overruling such motions, as to whether it was done with the greatest or least formality, is wholly immaterial. We have searched in vain for authorities upon this question in other states in the Union, with the exception of Kansas, which seems to be the only state which has adopted this rule. The only question that should be considered by this court is, did the trial court render a proper judgment in the case? And, if the court rendered a proper judgment, what sound reason can be given that the overruling of a motion for a new trial, even proforma, is prejudicial to *151 the substantial rights of the plaintiffs? We cannot assent to establish a rule of practice in this Territory which would require this court to reverse a case upon such a frivolous ground, regardless of the merits of the case, and the justness of the decision of the trial court. The judgment of the district court was right, and is therefore affirmed.
All of the Justices concurring.