160 N.E. 43 | Ind. | 1928
This is an action in damages by appellant against the appellee founded upon a breach of a supersedeas bond executed and filed by the appellee as surety for the Standard Electric Manufacturing Company as principal. This bond was given to stay the judgment of the trial court, as stated in the bond, pending the appeal in the case where Roy Tuttle, who was a stockholder of the principal of this bond, against the principal, in the case wherein he, as plaintiff, asked that a receiver be appointed without notice for the Standard Electric Manufacturing Company. A receiver was appointed. Standard Electric Mfg. Co. v. Tuttle (1920),
The matter of confirming the appointment of such receiver without notice was heard January 29, 1918. The court then ordered that the receiver theretofore appointed without notice be continued. February 7, 1918, the defendant in that suit filed a motion to set aside and vacate the "finding and judgment and decree" appointing a receiver, which motion was overruled by the court February 23, 1918. The court, by its order made June 26, 1918, directed the receiver to sell certain property of the defendant company in that suit. Pursuant to the order to sell, the receiver fixed the date July 15, 1918, for the sale of the property, and gave notice of such sale. The defendant, Standard Electric Manufacturing Company, filed a transcript of the record with the clerk of the Supreme Court July 12, 1918, and perfected an appeal to the Supreme Court from the order of the trial court appointing the receiver. On the same day that such appeal was perfected, the appellant, *353 Standard Electric Manufacturing Company, petitioned the Supreme Court to grant a writ of supersedeas. The writ of supersedeas was ordered upon the filing by the appellant of a bond as provided by law. The clerk fixed the amount of the bond; the bond, which is the foundation of the suit at bar was filed with and approved by the clerk. The writ was certified by the clerk of the Supreme Court.
Pursuant to the writ of supersedeas, the receiver did not sell the property, as ordered by the court, and as advertised to be sold on July 15, 1918, by the receiver; and did not sell the property until February 7, 1921, the appeal having been finally determined January 5, 1921 (
The trial court in the receivership case directed the receiver to prosecute this action upon the bond, which was provided by the writ of supersedeas.
The case was tried upon the issue made by general denial, and resulted in a finding for defendant Republic Casualty Company, which was followed by judgment for defendant and for costs. Appellant's motion for a new trial, based upon insufficiency of the evidence to sustain the finding, and that the finding of the court is *354 contrary to law, was overruled. And upon this ruling the sole error assigned is predicated.
The first question in the case to be decided is that of the jurisdiction of this court and the Appellate Court of Indiana in the appealed case Standard Electric Mfg. Co. v. Tuttle,
1. supra; for the appellee makes the proposition that the court on appeal had no jurisdiction of the subject-matter for the reason, as shown in the opinion in that case, that the appeal (if one at all) was from an interlocutory order confirming the appointment of a receiver without notice, and was not taken within ten days after the decision of the court appointing such receiver, from which appellee concludes that the Supreme Court was without jurisdiction; and that, because of such lack of jurisdiction, the bond given to comply with the supersedeas
writ was void. The argument in support of this proposition is that the court did not have jurisdiction of the subject-matter of this particular appeal. That is not a correct premise upon which to base a conclusion that the Supreme Court did not have jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the class of cases upon appeal, in which class the appeal at bar belongs. The law is well settled in Indiana, as in other states, and as it applies in federal jurisdiction, that jurisdiction of the subject-matter of actions at law does not mean simply jurisdiction of the particular case then occupying the attention of the court, but jurisdiction of that class of cases to which the particular case under consideration belongs. Coleman v. Floyd (1892),
It must be conceded that the Supreme Court had jurisdiction in appeals from decisions of trial courts appointing *355
a receiver. § 1302 Burns 1926. The action in that case 2. (Standard Electric Mfg. Co. v. Tuttle, supra) was for the appointment of a receiver and the record, so far as shown by the opinion of the Appellate Court (
Appellee's principal in the bond was the moving party to secure the writ of supersedeas which was issued. It secured the benefit sought in staying the order or judgment and all 3-5. other proceedings in the trial court, which stay continued for more than two years, by virtue of the writ. The bond was issued upon the order and judgment of this court, which order and judgment were based upon the application of appellee's principal. The consideration for this bond is the writ of supersedeas, not the order or judgment of the trial court. The damage done, if any, to appellant, was because of, and must be based upon, the writ of supersedeas, not upon the order or judgment by which the receiver was appointed. The receiver was duly appointed, and he duly qualified as such officer, which appointment *356
and qualification were based upon a valid order, and is in full force and effect, in so far as concerns the case at bar. The parties so stipulated. The receiver, thus being legally appointed, might have sold the property of the estate in receivership more than two years before it was sold had his authority and action not been stayed by the writ. And, although such property may have been of no greater sale value at the date of the order of sale or of the date of the sale as fixed by the receiver, yet the estate suffered the indebtedness for rent and fire insurance premiums to the extent of $4,100, which is not disputed, which loss is greater than the bond can compensate. The bond is a valid obligation in so far as the question of its consideration is concerned. If the consideration of the bond were as contended by appellee, and the rule of law based thereon as contended, a party could play fast and loose with the court by applying for and having granted the writ, and thus stay and delay action, and profit by his own wrong. The obligors on an appeal bond are estopped to deny the effect of an appeal recited in the bond (Reeves v. Andrews [1855],
Appellant discusses the bond in question as though it were an appeal bond, as provided in appeals of this character (§ 254 of the Civil Code, § 1302 Burns 1926), and that thereby 6, 7. this court has the power to reverse the case because the trial court erred in not changing the penalty of the bond from $1,000 to $30,000, inasmuch as a bond given by the receiver was $30,000. The bond is in no sense an appeal bond given pursuant to the section of the Civil Code last cited, but was given under authority of law, which provides for the *357 stay of execution and other proceedings in the court below upon an order issued by the Supreme Court, which shall be supported by the bond of the appellant who asks such stay. § 702 Burns 1926. The amount of this bond was fixed by the clerk of the court and was approved by him upon presentation after its execution. The bond states the penalty definitely at $1,000. It is reasonable to believe that the surety at least executed the bond in the belief that the bond stated the limit of its obligation, and that it is justice to protect it in that legal presumption on its part, regardless of the fact that appellee is a surety for hire. The court did not err in refusing to grant a new trial for the reason that it refused to change the penalty of the bond from $1,000 to an amount equal to the bond given by the receiver.
Appellee makes the further proposition that the obligee in this bond is Roy Tuttle, appellee, in the appeal from the order appointing the receiver, Standard Electric Mfg. Co.
8, 9. v. Tuttle, supra, and that the appellee in this appeal, the surety obligor in the bond, is liable to no one but to Roy Tuttle specifically. Roy Tuttle was a stockholder of the Standard Electric Manufacturing Company and brought his suit to have a receiver appointed for that company by virtue of that relationship. The receivership, if established by the decision of the court, did not inure solely to stockholder Tuttle. It is difficult to conceive how one stockholder of a corporation could put the corporation into receivership for his personal and sole benefit. The action of the court in appointing the receiver was for the benefit of all the stockholders and all creditors of the company, and in no legal sense for stockholder Tuttle personally and solely, provided the action asking for a receiver was well grounded. The bond herein, given to hold the hand of the receiver and the trial court from proceeding further in the matter pending the action of this court, was *358
not to stay the orders of the court especially for stockholder Tuttle, because he did not have the legal right to either force the company of which he was a stockholder into receivership, or to stay the hand of the court after doing so by appeal, for his own personal use and benefit. Hence the bond given to him as sole obligee was to protect the broad interest of those who would be affected by the action which he was taking and by the warrant of law to sustain that action and affect all stockholders by granting the thing asked — a receiver for the corporation. The receiver is the proper party plaintiff in instituting suit to compel the payment of the bond. Everett Dilley v. State
(1867),
For the reasons stated, it is the opinion of the court that the trial court committed error by overruling the motion for a new trial. It is the judgment of the court that the judgment of the trial court be reversed and cause remanded, and that the trial court grant appellant's motion for a new trial.
