By Mr. Justice Thornton :
This was an action of assmnpsit, brought in the Circuit Court of Tuskaloosa, by the plaintiffs in error, as partners in trade, against the defendant. The pleas were filed in short, non assmnpsit, payment, and set-off’. At the trial of the cause, as appears by a bill of exceptions, signed by the presiding Judge, the defendant offered in evidence, as a set-off against the demand of the plaintiffs, the record of a judgment, obtained by the defendant, against the plaintiff, Pierce;, which, the objection of the plaintiffs’, notwithstanding, was admitted by the Court; who charged the jury, that it was a proper set-off against the claim of the plaintiffs.
All the assignments of error involve only one question, viz -: whether this instruction was correct or not. Unaccompanied with any other proof, shewing the liability of the firm to pay that judgment, it was clearly inadmissible. The doctrine is well settled, adversely to the allowance of the set-off, of an individu*198al debt, due by one member of the firm, against a partnership demand. The debt sued for, must be conceded to be, in part, at least, the property of Baldwin: then to allow it tobe paid off by a claim against Pierce, would to that extent, at any rate, be a manifest injustice. But by the settled rule of law on this head, to no amount whatever, not even to the extent of Pierce’s acknowledged interest, which would be the utmost that could be pretended to be claimed, with any shadow of justice, can a set-off be allowed. Could the defendant, by adopting a separate action, for which the set-off is only a statutory substitute, recover from the plaintiffs the amount of this judgment ? Certainly he could not. Now, I understand this to be a decisive test, whenever the party plaintiff, whether one or more, sues on an original demand, and not one derived” through an assignment, that the party defendant, or some one or more of them, must be able to sustain a cross action against the plaintiff, or there can be no set-off maintained.
We have been referred, by the counsel for the defendant in error, to the case, decided by this Court, of Pitcher & Remsen vs. Patrick’s adm’rs, to support the judgment in this case. The principle of that decision, is recognised as sound law, but it does not conflict with this opinion. There, the defendants were joint obligors, and an action could be maintained by the defendant, Remsen, against the plaintiff, for the debt offered to be set-off: so, that the principle of the remedial statute, allowing a set-off in the nature of a cross action, directly embraced the case. Whatever extinguished the plaintiff’s demand, whether moving from one or the other of the defendants, was equally available to both. But here, the plaintiffs are joint creditors, and no action could be maintained against them, to recover the- amount of the judgment *199against Pierce. So there is no pretext for allowing tlie set-off, whose office is, merely to effectuate summarily, what a distinct action would otherwise he necessary to accomplish.
Let the judgment be reversed, and the cause remanded.