73 Fla. 991 | Fla. | 1917
This is an action on a policy pf insurance issued by the defendant assurance company to Mrs. Jennie Eppstein, by the terms of which the defendant insured such plaintiff in the sum of $1500.00 against loss or damage by fire on a certain described automobile owned by such plaintiff, which policy also contained a provision of insurance “against loss or damage by theft,
A copy of the insurance policy is attached to the declaration. The defendant filed the following pleas :
“Comes now the defendant, by its attorneys, Cockrell & Cockrell, and for its plea to the declaration in the -above entitled cause denies that the said automobile, described in the policy attached to the declaration, was stolen by some person or persons other than any person or persons in the employment, service or household - of said Mrs. Jennie Eppstein from the garage in which said automobile was kept by Mrs. Jennie Eppstein.
“2. And for a second plea defendant denies that the automobile, described in the policy of insurance attached to the declaration, was stolen from Mrs. Jennie Eppstein.
“3. And for a third plea defendant says 'that at the time the automobile described in the policy of insurance
“4. And for a fourth plea defendant says that at the time when the automobile described in the policy of insurance attached to the declaration is alleged to have been injured, it was then and there in the custody of and being driven by one Johnnie Johnson, a negro chauffeur, and said Johnnie Johnson was then and there the regularly employed chauffeur of said Mrs. Jennie Eppstein.”
The plaintiffs joined issue upon these pleas and a trial was had before a jury, which resulted in a verdict in favor of the plaintiffs for the sum of $900.00, with interest at eight per cent per annum from the nth of August, 1914, upon which verdict a judgment was duly rendered and entered, which judgment has been brought here for review.
Several errors are assigned, but we shall confine ourselves to the. consideration of the assignment based upon the overruling of the motion for a new trial, the first three grounds of which are that the verdict is contrary to the charge of the court, contrary to law and contrary to the evidence. The construction of the. clause of the insurance policy relating to the loss of or damage to the automobile “by theft, robbery or pilferage” is presented to this court for the first time, though the. courts in several other jurisdictions have had occasion to deal with it. It was held in Hartford Fire Insurance Co. v. Wimbish, 12 Ga. App. 712, 78 S. E. Rep. 265:
“Words used in a policy of insurance are to be given their ordinary and usual signification unless the context requires a different construction.
“Where a policy of insurance indemnifies an owner of an automobile against loss or damage occasioned by theft,
“At common law, and under the statutes of this state, theft is synonymous with larceny. The word ‘robbery’ as used in the contract sued on, should be given the same meaning as that set forth in the Penal Code of this State.. ‘Pilferage’ is petty larceny. The intent to steal is a necessary ingredient in all three offenses.” Also see Michigan Commercial Insurance Co. v. Wills, 57 Ind. App. 256, 106 N. E. Rep. 725; Stuht v. Maryland Motor Car Insurance Co., 90 Wash. 576, 156 Pac. Rep. 557; Rush v. Boston Insurance Co., 150 N. Y. Supp. 457; Valley Mercantile Co. v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co., 49 Mont. 430, 143 Pac. Rep. 559, L. R. A. 1915 B 327; Kansas City Regal Auto Co. v. Old Colony Insurance Co., 187 Mo. App. 514, 174 S. W. Rep. 153.
In addition to its general charge, the court gave the following instructions, at the request of the defendant:
“1. The burden is on the plaintiffs to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the alleged automobile was stolen by some person or persons other than those in the employment, service or household of the insured. If that burden has not been sustained by the preponderance of the evidence, the. jury must find for the defendant.
“2. The jury cannot find a verdict for the plaintiffs unless' the plaintiffs have proven (first) a theft of the automobile as alleged, and (second) that theft was not by John Johnson or by any other person or persons in the employment, service or household of the insured.
“3. If you find that there .was a theft of the automobile and that it was committed by,some one in the em
The fourth charge requested by the defendant is refused and the following substituted in its stead by the court:
“4. If you find that one John Johnson took arid was driving this automobile at the time when it was damaged, as alleged, and that He was the. same John Johnson who was in the service of the plaintiff at the time, then you must find for the defendant.
“5. If you find that the person who took this automobile., whether Johnson or someone else, took it merely for a joy ride, or for any purpose other than permanently depriving the owner of it, you must find for the defendant.
“6. Before you can find for the plaintiff you must find that some person took this automobile, with the intent to steal it, and that such person was not in the service, employment or household of the plaintiff.”
In response to the question from one of the jurors, “what is stealing?” the court further instructed the jury as follows■ “Gentlemen, larceny or stealing is the wrongful taking and carrying away of “the property of another with intent to permanently deprive the owner of the use, thereof. It is alleged in the declaration and denied in one of the pleas, that this car was stolen. Therefore, one of the issues before you, gentlemen, is whether or not that car was actually stolen.”
We. do not consider •. it necessary- to set forth the charge given by the court of its own motion or the instructions requested by the defendant which were refused and upon which errors are assigned. Neither do we ¿onsider it necessary to attempt an analysis of the testimony. As was said in Hartford Insurance Co. v. Wimbish, supra: “One cannot be convicted of either theft, rob
The judgment is reversed.
Browne, C. J., and Taylor, Whitfield and Ellis, J. J., concur.