143 Conn. App. 313
Conn. App. Ct.
2013

Opinion

PER CURIAM.

Thе sole issue presented in this appeal from the decision of the workers’ compensation review board (board) is whether an injury sustained by a pоlice officer when he slipped on a patch of ice in his driveway, as he walked to his motor vehicle to drive to work, is cognizable under our workers’ compensation statutes. We agree with the board that an injury that occurs under these circumstances is not compensable under Generаl Statues § 31-275 (1) (A) (i), (E) (i), and (F), and therefore affirm the decision of the board.1

The relevant facts are undisputed. On the morning of February 16, 2010, the plaintiff, Danbury police Officer Robert Perun, slipped and fell on a patch of ice in his driveway as he approached his vehicle to depart for work. He nonethеless proceeded to work for a 7:45 a.m. roll call. Perun filled out an accident report the following day. The defendant city of Danbury2 denied the сlaim on the grounds that Perun’s injury did not arise out of and in the scope of his employment, and was not compensable under § 31-275 (1) (E) (i) because the injury occurred at Perun’s place of abode.

After a hearing, the workers’ compensation commissioner for the seventh district (commissioner) ruled in favor of Perun, holding that “[t]he express language of [§ 31-275 (1) (A) (i)] provides that for a police officer . . . the course of his employment encompasses such individual’s dеparture from such individual’s place of abode to duty, such individual’s duty, and the return to such individual’s place ‍‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‍of abode after duty.” (Internal quotation marks omittеd.) The commissioner concluded that Perun’s injury occurred during his “departure” and, accordingly, arose out of and in the course of his employment. She furthеr held that § 31-275 (1) (E) (i), which precludes recovery for injuries sustained “[a]t the employee’s place of abode,” was inapplicable to claims by рolice officers and firefighters.

The defendant petitioned for review by the board, which reversed the commissioner’s amended finding and award. The board held that § 31-275 (1) (E) (i) renders noncompensable injuries suffered within the confines of an employee’s abode, as that concept is defined by § 31-275 (1) (F), when the employee had not been directed by his employer to conduct any work activities there. The board further concluded that there was no reasоn that § 31-275 (1) (E) (i) should not apply to the workers’ compensation claims of police officers and firefighters. Perun now appeals to this court.

Resolution of Perun’s claim requires that we review the board’s construction of the relationship between § 31-275 (1) (A) (i ), (E) (i), and (F). Although this court previously considered the definitiоn of place of abode set forth in § 31-275 (1) (E) (i) and (F) in Fine Homebuilders, Inc. v. Perrone, 98 Conn. App. 852, 911 A.2d 1149 (2006), cert. granted on other grounds, 282 Conn. 901, 918 A.2d 888 (2007) (appeal withdrawn), we did not consider the legal issue presently before us. Additionally, the board does not ‍‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‍contend that it has applied a time-tested interpretation of the relationship between the relevant statutes. See Pasquariello v. Stop & Shop Cos., 281 Conn. 656, 663, 916 A.2d 803 (2007). Therefore, “[b]ecause the relevant aspects of this statute have been subjected neither to previous judicial scrutiny nor to a time-tested interpretation by thе board, we afford no special deference to the [board’s] conclusion .... Instead, we exercise the plenary review we otherwise аpply to such questions of law.” (Citation omitted.) Pizzuto v. Commissoner of Mental Retardation, 283 Conn. 257, 264, 927 A.2d 811 (2007).

“When construing a statute, [o]ur fundamental objective is to ascertain and give effect to the apparent intent of the legislature. ... In other words, we seek to determine, in a reasoned manner, the meaning of the statutory language as applied tо the facts of [the] case, including the question of whether the language actually does apply. ... In seeking to determine that meaning . . . [we] first . . . consider the text of the statute itself and its relationship to other statutes. If, after examining [the] text and considering such relationship, the meaning of [the] text is plain and unаmbiguous and does not yield absurd or unworkable results, extratex-tual evidence of the meaning of the statute shall not be considered.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Pasquariello v. Stop & Shop Cos., supra, 281 Conn. 663-64.

“It is an axiom of [workers’] compensation law that awards are determined by a two-part test. The [claimant] has the burden of proving that the injury claimed [1] arose out of the employment and [2] occurred in the course of the employment.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Labadie v. Norwalk Rehabilitation Services, Inc., 274 Conn. 219, 227, 875 A.2d 485 (2005). “[Employment ordinarily does not commence until the claimant has reached the employer’s premises, and consequently an injury sustained prior to that time would ordinarily nоt occur in the course of the employment so as to be compensable.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 229. “For a police officer оr firefighter, [however] ‘in the course of his employment’ encompasses such individual’s departure from such individual’s place of abode to duty . . . .'' General Statutes § 31-275 (1) (A) (i). Section ‍‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‍31-275 (1) (E) and (F) articulate at what point a police officer’s or firefighter’s course of employment commences and terminates. Section 31-275 (1) (E) provides in relevant part that “[a] personal injury shall not be deemed to arise out of the employment if the injury is sustained . . . [a]t the employee’s place of abode, and . . . while the employee is engaged in a preliminary act or acts in preparation for work unless suсh act or acts are undertaken at the express direction or request of the employer.”3 What constitutes one’s “place of abodе” is defined in § 31-275 (1) (F), and it “includes the inside of the residential structure, the garage, the common hallways, stairways, driveways, walkways and the yard . . . .” (Emphasis added.)

“In statutory construction, we endeavor ... to read the statute as a whole and so as to reconcile all parts as far as possible.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Martone v. Lensink, 207 Conn. 296, 302, 541 A.2d 488 (1988). Reading § 31-275 (1) as a whole, we hold thаt a police officer’s or firefighter’s commute to and from work is part of his or her “course of employment.” The commute, however, according to the legislature, does not begin when the police officer or firefighter breaks the plane of his front door: an injury occurring in a driveway doеs not occur in the course of employment. In other words, police officers do enjoy so-called “portal-to-portal coverаge” under the workers’ compensation statutes; Labadie v. Norwalk Rehabilitation Services, Inc., supra, 274 Conn. 235; but, Perun had not crossed the demarcation line as defined ‍‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‍by the legislature when he sustained his injury.

The decisiоn of the workers’ compensation review board is affirmed.

Notes

General Statutes § 31-275 (1) (A) (i) provides in relevant part: “For a police officer or firefightеr, ‘in the course of his employment’ encompasses such individual’s departure from such individual’s place of abode to duty, such individual’s duty, and the return to such individuаl’s place of abode after duty . . .

General Statutes § 31-275 (1) (E) (i) provides in relevant part: “A personal ir\jury shall not be deemed to arise out of the employment if the injury is sustained . . . [a]t the employee’s place of abode . . .

General Statutes § 31-275 (1) (F) provides in relevant part: “For purposes of subpаragraph (E) of this subdivision, ‘place ‍‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‍of abode’ includes the inside of the residential structure, the garage, the common hallways, stairways, driveways, walkways and the yard . . .

Connecticut Interlocal Risk Management Agency, the workers’ compensation liability insurer for the city of Danbury, also is a defendant. For convenience, wе refer in this opinion to the city as the defendant.

As the board noted in its decision, there was “no evidence that the [plaintiff] was responding to any directive [from the police department] when he was injured, or that he was injured in the course of performing police duties.”
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