143 Conn. App. 313
Conn. App. Ct.
2013

*314 Opinion

PER CURIAM.

Thе sole issue presented in this appeal from the decision of the workers’ compensation review board (board) is whether an injury sustained by a pоlice officer when he slipped on a patch of ice in his driveway, as he walked to his motor vehicle to drive to work, is cognizable under our workers’ compensation statutes. We agree with the board that an injury that occurs under these circumstances is not compensable under Generаl Statues § 31-275 (1) (A) (i), (E) (i), and (F), and therefore affirm the decision of the board.1

The relevant facts are undisputed. On the morning of February 16, 2010, the plaintiff, Danbury police Officer Robert Perun, slipped and fell on a patch of ice in his driveway as he approached his vehicle to depart for work. He nonethеless proceeded to work for a 7:45 a.m. roll call. Perun filled out an accident report the following day. The defendant city of Danbury2 denied the сlaim on the grounds that Perun’s injury did not arise out of and in the scope of his employment, and was not compensable under § 31-275 (1) (E) (i) because the injury occurred at Perun’s place of abode.

After a hearing, the workers’ compensation commissioner ‍‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‍for the seventh district (commissioner) ruled in *315favor of Perun, holding that “[t]he express language of [§ 31-275 (1) (A) (i)] provides that for a police officer . . . the course of his employment encompasses such individual’s dеparture from such individual’s place of abode to duty, such individual’s duty, and the return to such individual’s place of abode after duty.” (Internal quotation marks omittеd.) The commissioner concluded that Perun’s injury occurred during his “departure” and, accordingly, arose out of and in the course of his employment. She furthеr held that § 31-275 (1) (E) (i), which precludes recovery for injuries sustained “[a]t the employee’s place of abode,” was inapplicable to claims by рolice officers and firefighters.

The defendant petitioned for review by the board, which reversed the commissioner’s amended finding and award. The board held that § 31-275 (1) (E) (i) renders noncompensable injuries suffered within the confines of an employee’s abode, as that concept is defined by § 31-275 (1) (F), when the employee had not been directed by his employer to conduct any work activities there. The board further concluded that there was no reasоn that § 31-275 (1) (E) (i) should not apply to the workers’ compensation claims of police officers and firefighters. Perun now appeals to this court.

Resolution of Perun’s claim requires that we review the board’s construction of the relationship between § 31-275 (1) (A) (i), (E) (i), and (F). Although this court previously considered the definitiоn of place of abode set forth in § 31-275 (1) (E) (i) and (F) in Fine Homebuilders, Inc. v. Perrone, 98 Conn. App. 852, 911 A.2d 1149 (2006), cert. granted on other grounds, 282 Conn. 901, 918 A.2d 888 (2007) (appeal withdrawn), we did not consider the legal issue presently before us. Additionally, the board does not ‍‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‍contend that it has applied a time-tested interpretation of the relationship between the relevant statutes. See Pasquariello v. Stop & Shop Cos., 281 Conn. 656, 663, 916 A.2d 803 (2007). Therefore, *316“[b]ecause the relevant aspects of this statute have been subjected neither to previous judicial scrutiny nor to a time-tested interpretation by the board, we аfford no special deference to the [board’s] conclusion .... Instead, we exercise the plenary review we otherwise apply to suсh questions of law.” (Citation omitted.) Pizzuto v. Commissoner of Mental Retardation, 283 Conn. 257, 264, 927 A.2d 811 (2007).

“When construing a statute, [o]ur fundamental objective is to ascertain and give effect to the apparent intent of the legislature. ... In other words, we seek to determine, in a reasoned manner, the meaning of the statutory language as applied to the facts оf [the] case, including the question of whether the language actually does apply. ... In seeking to determine that meaning . . . [we] first . . . consider the text of the statute itself and its relationship to other statutes. If, after examining [the] text and considering such relationship, the meaning of [the] text is plain and unambiguous and doеs not yield absurd or unworkable results, extratex-tual evidence of the meaning of the statute shall not be considered.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Pasquariello v. Stop & Shop Cos., supra, 281 Conn. 663-64.

“It is an axiom of [workers’] compensation law that awards are determined by a two-part test. The [claimant] has the burden of proving that the injury claimed [1] arose out of the employment and [2] occurred in the course of the employment.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Labadie v. Norwalk Rehabilitation Services, Inc., 274 Conn. 219, 227, 875 A.2d 485 (2005). “[Employment ordinarily does not commence until the claimant has reached the employer’s premises, and consequently an injury sustained prior to that time would ordinarily ‍‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‍not occur in thе course of the employment so as to be compensable.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 229. “For a police officer or firefighter, [howеver] ‘in *317the course of his employment’ encompasses such individual’s departure from such individual’s place of abode to duty . . . .'' General Statutes § 31-275 (1) (A) (i). Section 31-275 (1) (E) and (F) articulate at what point a police officer’s or firefighter’s course of employment commences and terminates. Section 31-275 (1) (E) provides in relevant part that “[a] personal injury shall not be deemed to arise out of the employment if the injury is sustained . . . [a]t the employee’s place of abode, and . . . while the employee is engaged in a preliminary act or acts in preparation for work unless such act or аcts are undertaken at the express direction or request of the employer.”3 What constitutes one’s “place of abode” is defined in § 31-275 (1) (F), and it “inсludes the inside of the residential structure, the garage, the common hallways, stairways, driveways, walkways and the yard . . . .” (Emphasis added.)

“In statutory construction, we endeavor ... to read the statute as a whole and so as to reconcile all parts as far as possible.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Martone v. Lensink, 207 Conn. 296, 302, 541 A.2d 488 (1988). Reading § 31-275 (1) as a whole, we hold that a poliсe officer’s or firefighter’s commute to and from work is part of his or her “course of employment.” The commute, however, according to the legislature, does not begin when the police officer ‍‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‍or firefighter breaks the plane of his front door: an injury occurring in a driveway does not ocсur in the course of employment. In other words, police officers do enjoy so-called “portal-to-portal coverage” under the wоrkers’ compensation statutes; Labadie v. Norwalk Rehabilitation Services, Inc., supra, 274 Conn. 235; but, Perun had not crossed the demarcation line as defined by the legislature when he sustained his injury.

*318The decision of the workеrs’ compensation review board is affirmed.

Notes

General Statutes § 31-275 (1) (A) (i) provides in relevant part: “For a police officer or firefighter, ‘in the coursе of his employment’ encompasses such individual’s departure from such individual’s place of abode to duty, such individual’s duty, and the return to such individual’s placе of abode after duty . . .

General Statutes § 31-275 (1) (E) (i) provides in relevant part: “A personal ir\jury shall not be deemed ‍‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‍to arise out of the employment if the injury is sustained . . . [a]t the employee’s place of abode . . .

General Statutes § 31-275 (1) (F) provides in relevant part: “For purposes of subparagraph (E) оf this subdivision, ‘place of abode’ includes the inside of the residential structure, the garage, the common hallways, stairways, driveways, walkways and the yard . . .

Connecticut Interlocal Risk Management Agency, the workers’ compensation liability insurer for the city of Danbury, also is a defendant. For conveniencе, we refer in this opinion to the city as the defendant.

As the board noted in its decision, there was “no evidence that the [plaintiff] was responding to any directive [from the police department] when he was injured, or that he was injured in the course of performing police duties.”
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