146 F.2d 398 | 5th Cir. | 1945
The suit, brought by “Newell,” an electrical subcontractor on a government contract, against “Perry,” the general contractor, was to recover $4479.86 held bade to cover outside electrical work, that is, poles, connecting wires, etc. which Newell claimed was not, and Perry claimed was, included in Newell’s subcontract. Tried to the court without a jury, there were findings and a judgment in favor of Newell, the subcontractor, and Perry has appealed.
The facts are simple. They came in without dispute. Perry agreed to furnish the material and equipment for, and perform the labor to construct and complete, motor repair shops for Fourth Echelon repairs, “including the utilities thereto” at
The district judge, in finding for Newell, found both that the outside electrical work was not included in Perry’s contract and that if it was, Newell had not agreed to do it but had expressly limited his bid and contract to electrical work in the buildings. Perry is here contesting both of these findings as erroneous on the ground that as to him the contract made the finding of the Constructing Quartermaster, that his contract did include this work, conclusive on him, and that the subcontract, by making the provisions of the main contract a part of it, bound Newell to the same extent that Perry was bound. Appellant concedes that neither he nor Newell understood that his contract covered outside wiring, and that unless it did in fact cover it, Perry could not by acceding to the Quartermaster’s unwarranted demand impose the obligation for it on Newell. He insists, though, citing many authorities,
We find it unnecessary to determine whether his contract bound Perry, for we agree with appellee that the provisions of the subcontract taken in themselves and especially in the light of the circumstances under which it was entered into and executed, leave in no doubt that its obligations extended only to inside wiring, and the district judge was right in holding that Perry had no right to withhold from Newell the sums sued for. In Hill & Combs v. First National Bank of San Angelo, 5 Cir., 139 F.2d 740, a case involving a controversy between the contractor and a subcontractor on a government contract, we have had recent occasion to examine the state of the law in situations of this kind. We reaffirm here what we there decided, that while a reference in a subcontract to the provisions, plans and specifications of a general contract imports them into the subcontract where not inconsistent with its terms, it is quite well settled that such a reference is not effective beyond this, and that if the subcontract contains words of definite limitation, they will be given effect and the reference limited accordingly. Here, as there, while there was a reference to the general plans and specifications, there was a specific agreement as to the work the subcontractor would do, and the reference to the plans and specifications was effective only to the extent that it did not conflict with what was specifically agreed upon. There we found a sufficient ambiguity to admit of explanatory evidence, and that the evidence offered to resolve the ambiguity was sufficient to support the verdict. Here we think it clear, that there was no ambiguity, that the subcontract on its face clearly limited Newell’s obligation to inside work. But if we should be mistaken in that conclusion, the judgment must still be affirmed for here, as it was there, such ambiguity as is created by the conflict, if any, between the agreement of the subcontract and the reference in it to the general plans and specifications has been on ample evidence resolved in plaintiff’s favor.
The judgment was right. It is affirmed.
This contract, among other things, provides, “Newell Elec. Co. agrees to furnish all labor, materials, fixtures, equipment, etc. necessary to completely install all electrical work and materials for the following buildings to be erected at Camp Shelby, Miss., by the Perry Construction Co. under the supervision of the Constructing Quartermaster”. Then follows: a list of the buildings where the installations are to be made. Other provisions, not .necessary to be set out are these: “All the general and special conditions of the plans and specifications, including instructions to bidders, etc., where applicable to the above mentioned work, are hereby incorporated and made a part of this contract. Newell Elec. Co. is bound under all the provisions including time limits, etc.” and “This contract shall become valid after it is approved by the Constructing Quartermaster. * * *»»
54 A.L.R. 1255 ; 9 Am.Jur. 23; Kihlberg v. United States, 97 U.S. 398, 24 L.Ed. 1106; McCullough v. Clinch-Mitchell Const. Co., 8 Cir., 71 E.2d 17; Daniels v. Franklin, Tex.Civ.App., 233 S.W. 380; T. Poster Callahan v. Commissioners, 102 N. J.Law 705, 133 A. 408; Guarantee Title & Trust Co. v. Willis, 38 Ariz. 33, 297 P. 445.
“Interpretation of Contract: * * * the contractor shall furnish all material, labor, etc. necessary to complete the work according to the true intent and meaning of the drawings and specifications, of which intent and meaning the Constructing Quartermaster shall be the interpretor.”