279 P. 650 | Cal. | 1929
The defendant United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company, a corporation, appeals from a judgment entered against it and in favor of the plaintiff, R.A. Perry, on a bond executed by it, conditioned upon the performance of a building contract by the defendant O.M. Magneson.
On June 10, 1910, plaintiff and defendant Magneson entered into a contract whereby the defendant agreed to construct a residence and garage for the plaintiff in accordance with certain plans and specifications, and to furnish all labor and materials necessary for such construction, at the agreed price of $23,567, the building to be completed within a designated period of time. Concurrently with the execution of the contract, the defendant Surety Company executed and delivered to plaintiff its bond in the penal sum of $6,000, agreeing to indemnify plaintiff for any pecuniary loss resulting from the breach of any of the terms and conditions of the contract by the defendant contractor. Magneson breached the contract by abandoning the work on February 11, 1911. On notification of the abandonment the Surety Company declined to take any steps in connection with the contract, and the work was completed by the plaintiff-owner, who thereafter instituted this action to recover on the bond. The prayer of the amended complaint was for the sum of $6,000, and costs. Judgment was given in favor of the plaintiff and against the Surety Company in the full penal amount of the bond, with interest at the rate of seven per cent from October 16, 1911, the date of the commencement of the suit, aggregating $12,834.32, together with interest thereon from the date of judgment until paid, and costs. No judgment was rendered against defendant Magneson, he having been previously adjudged a bankrupt.
It appears that after the completion of the building by the owner many lien suits were filed. As the determination of the action to recover on the bond was somewhat dependent upon the outcome of the lien cases, it was agreed between counsel for the respective parties hereto that the trial of this action should be postponed until the lien suits were finally determined. They therefore entered into a stipulation on *620 November 30, 1915, that this case should be dropped from the calendar, to be restored on five days' notice by either party. The judgment in the lien cases, after two appeals, became final in June, 1919. Shortly thereafter the present cause was set for trial, and was continued from time to time until November, 1922, when the trial actually commenced. Judgment was ordered for the plaintiff, The Surety Company's motion for a new trial was granted, and on April 30, 1926, the second trial commenced, at which time the Surety Company objected to proceeding with the case, and moved to dismiss the action for want of prosecution, the same objection and motion having been made prior to the commencement of the first trial. The motion to dismiss was denied, and judgment in favor of the plaintiff was entered on January 28, 1928.
Appellant contends that, more than five years having elapsed between the time of the filing of the answers to plaintiff's amended complaint and the date when the trial of the action commenced, and the parties not having entered into a written stipulation extending the time, its motion to dismiss should have been granted under the provisions of section 583 of the Code of Civil Procedure. (Miller Lux, Inc., v. Superior Court,
[4] The contractor's bond provided that in no event should the surety be subject to any suit, action or other proceeding thereon that was instituted later than the thirteenth day of June, 1911. It is the contention of the appellant, therefore, that this action is barred by the fact that suit was not instituted until October 16, 1911. In this connection, the trial court found that immediately upon the abandonment of the contract by Magneson, and within thirty days after knowledge of his default, the plaintiff, in writing, as provided in the bond, notified the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of the fact, showing the abandonment by Magneson; that the Guaranty Company declined to assume and complete or procure the completion of the contract, but accepted the notice and "thereupon agreed to and with plaintiff to waive the requirements of said bond that suit be commenced thereon on or before the 13th day of June, 1911, and agreed to and with plaintiff to pay to plaintiff the amount of the liability thereunder when the exact amount of plaintiff's damage be ascertained, and further agreed to and with plaintiff that action might be commenced upon said bond at any time subsequent to said 13th day of June, 1911, when such amount of damage was ascertained." Reasonable intendments and inferences to be drawn from the evidence support the finding. [5] The provision for the limitation of time for the commencement of suit upon the bond was no doubt reasonable in point of time under ordinary circumstances, and, had the surety merely insisted upon a strict compliance with the provision, its position here would be tenable. (Fitzpatrick v. North American Acc. Ins. Co.,
[7] The trial court found that after Magneson abandoned the work the plaintiff completed the building according to the plans and specifications, and at the reasonable cost of $16,926.74. The appellant challenges this finding, and contends that it is clearly contrary to the evidence. In considering this contention, it is but necessary for us to say that there is evidence from which both parties to the controversy may argue in support of their respective positions, for the evidence is conflicting in this regard. The inferences to be drawn, and what conclusion the evidence warranted, were matters for the trial court, and its findings preclude the necessity for any inquiry into that subject.
The trial court also found that plaintiff suffered a pecuniary loss in the sum of $10,055.03 by reason of Magneson's breach of the contract, and that he was entitled to judgment against the appellant surety for the full penalty of the bond, $6,000, with interest thereon at seven per cent per annum from October 16, 1911, the date of the commencement of the action. Judgment was entered accordingly. Appellant contends that in no event was plaintiff entitled to recover interest prior to the date judgment was given in his favor. It advances two reasons for this contention: First, that the damages sought to be recovered in the action were uncertain and unliquidated; and, second, the complaint did not pray for interest. [8] As to the latter point, under the liberal rule prevailing in this jurisdiction, where an answer is filed the court may, after the trial, grant any relief consistent with the case made by the complaint and embraced within the issues. (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 580.) It may, therefore, render a judgment for interest, though not prayed for. (14 Cal. Jur., p. 691, par. 15.)
[9] As to the time from which interest on the amount found due should have been allowed, respondent asserts that the trial court was correct in awarding interest from the date of the commencement of the suit, on the theory that the action was not one for damages but was upon an obligation to pay a sum certain, which obligation must be treated as any other instrument calling for the payment of *623
money. The general rule is that interest is allowable from the time the sum in suit becomes due, if the sum is certain or can be made certain by calculation. The test, then, to be applied in the instant case is whether or not the sum found to be due was known and admitted by the appellant to be due to the respondent. (Gray v. Bekins,
The cause is remanded, with directions to the court below to modify its judgment in favor of the plaintiff by eliminating therefrom interest from the date of the commencement of the suit, thereby reducing the amount to be recovered by plaintiff from $12,834.32 to $6,000, the full penal amount of the bond, with interest thereon at the rate of seven per cent per annum from January 28, 1928, the date of the *624 entry of judgment, together with costs of suit, the judgment as thus modified to stand affirmed.
Richards, J., Curtis, J., Langdon, J., Preston, J., and Seawell, J., concurred.