69 So. 875 | Ala. | 1915
The question presented by this appeal is the duty of the owner and driver of a motor car to use reasonable care in its operation, and not to unreasonably expose a guest to injury.
This rule has been extended by many cases to one not a common carrier, who voluntarily undertakes to transport another, and makes such voluntary carrier responsible for injury to the person transported resulting from negligence, whether the service was for a compensation or was gratuitous.. — Harvey v. Deep River Logging Co., 49 Or. 583, 90 Pac. 501, 12 L. R. A. (N. S.) 131; Simmons v. Oregon R. Co., 41 Or. 151, 69 Pac. 440, 1022; Wagner v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 97 Mo. 512, 10 S. W. 486, 3 L. R. A. 156; 2 Shear. & R. Neg. (4th Ed.) § 491; Beach, Cont. Neg. (3d Ed.) § 165; Wood, R. R. (Minor’s Ed.) 1207; Wilton v. R. Co., 107 Mass. 108, 9 Am. Rep. 11; Edgerton v. R. Co., 39 N. Y. 227; Brennan v. R. Co., 45 Conn. 284, 29 Am. Rep. 679; Ry. Co. v. Scott’s Adm’r, 108 Ky. 392, 56 S. W. 674, 50 L. R. A. 381; Waterbury v. R. Co. (C. C.) 17 Fed. 672, note; Mayberry v. Sivey, 18 Kan. 291; Baker v. Tibbits, 162 Mass. 468, 39 N. E. 350; Kerwhaker v. Cleveland & Co., 3 Ohio St. 172, 62 Am. Dec. 246; Kay v. Penn. R. Co., 65 Pa. 269, 3 Am. Rep. 628.
The rule in this state defining who are passengers and the liability of the carrier thereto is thus stated by Mr. Justice Somerville, in Lawrence v. Kaul Lumber Co., 171 Ala. 300, 55 South. 111: “But, if the carrier is not a common carrier of passengers, and has not expressly contracted to carry in the particular case, a person entering upon its train and taking passage thereon might be, under various circumstances, either a pas
Mr. Babbitt, in “The Law of Motor Vehicles” (1911) § 262, says: “In order to constitute the relation of carrier and passenger, no payment of a fare or toll is essential. — Philadelphia & Reading R. v. Derby, 14 How. 468 [14 L. Ed. 502], was a case in which the railroad was carrying Derby gratuitously as an invited guest. Mr. Justice Grier says in this respect concerning Derby that he Svas lawfully on the road at the time of the collision,’ and that the duty of the railroad was, ‘to carry him safely. * * * It is imposed by the law, even while the service is gratuitous.”
David’s “Law of Motor Vehicles” (1911) p. 229, § 230, quotes the Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court as follows: “The contributory negligence of the driver or operator of the vehicle is not chargeablé against the passenger. * * * In such a case
In Berry’s “Law of Automobiles,” § 181, p. 177, it is declared that, where the plaintiff was a guest of the defendant, and was injured by the automobile in which. they Avere riding being run at a high rate of speed around a curve which threw plaintiff out, and it is shown that the plaintiff was not in a position to direct the operation of the automobile, he is not bound by the demands of the other occupants that the operator maintain a high rate of speed. — Routledge v. Rambler Auto Co. (Tex. Civ. App.) 95 S. W. 749.
Huddy’s “Law of Automobiles” (2d Ed.) p. 117, § 18, declares: “One who voluntarily accepts an invitation to ride as a guest in an automobile does not relinquish his right of protection from personal injury caused by carelessness, and it should be understood by owners .of motor vehicles that they assume quite a serious responsibility when they invite others to fide Avith them,” etc.
In Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Calvert, 170 Ala. 565, 54 South. 184, the court said: “There was no evidence tending to show that the plaintiff was controlling the driving of the horse, or was in any way responsible for its movements. The fact that she testified that her father’s hearing was not perfect did not place the responsibility on her to check the horse.”
So in North Alabama Traction Co. v. Thomas, 164 Ala. 191, 51 South. 418, it was held that, when one is riding in the buggy of another at the invitation of the owner, who has the entire chai’ge of the horse and buggy, the driver’s negligence cannot be imputed to the person there by invitation, in the absence of evidence that such injured person had control of the driver. The same rule was declared in Elyton Land Co. v. Mingea, 89 Ala. 521, 7 South. 666, based on the authority of Otis v. Thom, 23 Ala. 469, 58 Am. Dec. 303; Ga. Pacif. Ry. Co. v Hughes, 87 Ala. 610, 6 South. 413; Little v. Hackett, 116 U. S. 366, 6 Sup. Ct. 391, 29 L. Ed. 652.
In Birmingham-Tuscaloosa Railway & Utilities Co. v. Carpenter, infra, 69 South. 626, section 34 of the act of 1911, known as the “Automobile Act” (Laws 1911, p. 649), was declared unconstitutional in the attempt to impute negligence of the driver to the occupants of the automobile or motor car, who were not passengers for hire, Chief Justice Anderson saying: “The doctrine
In such cases, if no defense'of imputed negligence of driver to occupant exists as to a third party, it cannot with reason be insisted that the negligence of the owner and driver of the car,, over whom the occupant has no control, can be imputed to the occupant of the car, whether carried for pay or as an invited guest. As said by Mr. Justice Field, in Little v. Hackett, supra: “The identification of the passenger with the negligent driver or the owner, without his personal co-operation or encouragement, is a gratuitous assumption.” •
See the many authorities supporting, on this point, the decision of Little v. Hackett, supra, collected in volume 2, Rose’s Notes of U. S. Rep. p. 36.
In this day motor vehicles are in general use for purposes of utility, as well as for pleasure. As said by Chief Justice Anderson in Carpenter’s Case, supra: Motor cars have “the right to the use of our highways in common with all other modes of travel.” They possess “the same general rights,” and are “subject to the same general rules as to the duties and liabilities owing to the public, and the occupants of same should enjoy the same legal protection accorded to persons riding or traveling in other vehicles.”
It is thus clear that one who accepts an invitation to ride in such vehicle does not thereby relinquish the claim to protection from the owner or operator of the machine the same as that accorded to persons riding in
For the error of the trial court in sustaining demurrers to the simple negligence count AA, the judgment is reversed, and the cause is remanded.
Reversed and remanded.