Percival v. City of Covington
230 S.W. 300
Ky. Ct. App.
1921
Check Treatment

Opinion of the Court by

Chief Justice Hurt

Reversing in part and affirming in part.

The appellants, who as citizens and taxpayers of the city of Covington, sought by this action to enjoin the board of commissioners of the city from issuing and selling $250,000.00 of bonds of the city for the purpose of obtaining money to build an addition to the water works of the city. The grounds upon which the validity of the proposed issue of bonds is assailed, are as follows:

(1) The ordinance submitting the question to the qualified voters of the city was not advertised as required by section 3069 Ky. Stats.

(2) The purpose for which the bonds were to be issued was not sufficiently set out and defined in the ordinance by which the incurrence of the indebtedness was submitted to a vote of the electors and the authority to incur the indebtedness obtained.

(3) The incurrence of the proposed indebtedness is in violation of sections 157 and 158 of the Constitution.

(4) The bonds, as proposed to be issued and sold in accordance with an ordinance adopted after the election, do not contain a provision which was embodied in the ordinance by which the incurrence of the proposed indebtedness was submitted to the voters of the city, and which provision was as follows:

‘ ‘ The city of Covington reserves the right to fund all of the said bonds, at any interest paying time, at a lower rate of interest after the expiration of ten years from date of issue.”

These contentions were all denied in the trial court and the petition was dismissed and from the judgment the plaintiffs have appealed. Neither of the contentions has any merit except the last one stated, and no further notice will be taken of them, but the fourth or last mentioned contention presents a serious ground for consideration *339and requires a reluctant, but adverse, decision to the right of the commissioners to issue or to sell the bonds in the form now proposed.

Section 3069, Ky. Stats., which is a part of the charter of cities of the second class to which the city of Covington belongs, in so far as it is pertinent to the present controversy or necessary to be stated, provides as follows:

.“The general council shall not expend any money in excess of the amount annually levied, collected or appropriated for any special object: Provided, if, in any year the general council shall deem it necessary to incur any indebtedness, the payment of which cannot be met without exceeding the income and revenue provided for the city for that particular year, it shall, by ordinance order an election by the qualified voters of the* city to be held, to determine whether such indebtedness shall be incurred. Such ordinance shall specify the amount of indebtedness proposed to be incurred, the purpose or purposes of the same, and the amount of money necessary to be raised annually by taxation for an interest and sinking fund, as herein provided. Such ordinance shall be published for at least two weeks just preceding the election in the official newspaper in and for such city, or by posting written or printed copies thereof at three or more public places in such city, if there be no such official newspaper. Upon filing by the city of a certified copy of an ordinance ordering such an election with the county clerk of the county in which such city is located, thirty days prior to any regular election, it shall be the duty of the county clerk to cause to be printed upon the ballots, to be used in the city precincts of such county, at said election, the question of the issuance of bonds by said city as proposed by such ordinance. The expenses thereof shall be paid as other election expenses are paid. The election shall be held in the manner provided by general law for submitting public measures to a vote of the people, and shall be held at the same time and place and in the same manner and by the same officers as the regular election of that year. The votes on said question shall be canvassed and certified by the election officers in the same manner as votes canvassed in the regular election. It shall be the duty of the county board of election commissioners to canvass the returns of the election on said question, and certify the re-*340suit thereof at the same time and in the same manner as the returns of the regular election.
“If upon tile canvass of the votes at such an -election, it appears that two-thirds of all the qualified voters of said city, voting on said question, shall have voted in favor of incurring such indebtedness the general council may incur such indebtedness and issue bonds of the city in evidence thereof, and it shall be the duty of the general council to pass an ordinance providing for the mode of creating such indebtedness and of paying the same.”

It will and must be conceded, that, before the board of commissioners is authorized to incur an indebtedness for the city of Covington in the sum of $250,000.00 and to issue bonds of the city therefor, payable in the sum of $5,-000.00 annually for a period of twenty years, and thereafter in the sum of $7,500.00 payable annually for a period of another twenty years, and all bearing interest at a rate not exceeding 6 per cent, per annum, payable semiannually, until paid, under the provisions of the Constitution and the statute laws bearing upon the subject and considering the stipulated value of the taxable property of the city and its indebtedness, bonded and floating, and the raté of taxation allowed by law, it must receive authority to do so by the approval and assent of at least two-thirds of the qualified voters of the city, voting at an election held for the purpose of ascertaining whether the electorate approved or disapproved the incurrence of the debt, and the election for that purpose must be conducted in the manner provided by the statute quoted. Until.the assent of the electorate has been obtained, the general council, or in the instant case the board of commissioners, is entirely without power to incur such an indebtedness on behalf of the city. A paragraph of the statute quoted prescribes the essential things which must be submitted to the voters at the election and which must be necessarily stated in the ordinance submitting the proposal to the voters, and this same paragraph prescribes the course to be followed in regard to the publication of the ordinance, its certification to the county court clerk, the preparation of the ballots to be used at the election, the time of the election, and the canvassing of the result, and these and similar provisions have been uniformly held to be mandatory, and without a substantial compliance with which the as-sent or approval of the electorate- -has not been consid*341ered to have been obtained. Kash, et al. v. City of Jackson, et al., 159 Ky. 523; City of Covington, ex parte, 160 Ky. 146; Barry v. New Haven, et al., 162 Ky. 60; Hatfield v. City of Covington, 177 Ky. 124. It, thus, clearly appears that when the approval of the voters is sought for the incurrence of such an indebtedness by a municipality, the things which must necessarily be submitted to the electors by ordinance and their assent obtained therefor are as enumerated in the statute as follows: (1) The amount of the debt proposed to be incurred. (2) The purpose or purposes of the incurrence of the debt, and (3) the sum of money which is necessary to be raised annually by taxation to pay the indebtedness. The sum to be raised by taxation is the sum necessary to pay the interest on the bonds and to provide a sinking fund to liquidate them at maturity. When the proposal to incur the indebtedness has been approved by two-thirds of the qualified voters of the municipality, who participate in the election, held by virtue of an ordinance, which submits to them for their approval, the creation of the debt, described by a statement of the above enumerated essential facts, all the other powers necessary to carry the proposition into effect with reference to the creation of the debt, its mod'e of creation and the mode of paying it, is conferred upon the general council or the board of commissioners, as is indicated, by the last paragraph of the statute quoted, in the following language there used: “The general council may incur such indebtedness and issue the bonds of the city in evidence thereof, and it shall be the duty of the general council to pass an ordinance providing for the mode'of creating such indebtedness and of paying the same.” These powers may be exercised by virtue of an ordinance adopted after the election, and in so doing they must be exercised, of course, under the restrictions prescribed by the Constitution and statutes with reference to the rates of interest which the bonds shall bear, the maturity of them, etc. Hence, it is clear that if the assent of the voters had been sought to the creation of the debt with only the conditions as to its creation and the mode of its payment, which are included in the bonds proposed to be negotiated, and the negotiation of which is sought to be enjoined, and the voters had assented thereto in the manner prescribed by the statute, there would have been no ground upon which to restrain the issual of the bonds, as it was not necessary for the ordinance to have contain-*342eel nor to have submitted to the voters the condition, that the city should have the right to refund the debt at any interest paying;time, after ten years from the date of the bonds, at a lower rate of interest than the bonds were bearing when the right to refund the debt should be exercised. Such a provision is one which the commissioners might have prescribed by an ordinance after the election, and is not one of the things which it was necessary to have submitted to the voters for their approval in order to secure authority to create a municipal indebtedness, as such a provision is one relating wholly to the mode of payment of the debt. While such a municipal debt with the concurrence of the voters could be created without the inclusion of a provision with regard to refunding the debt, as a condition of the obligation, the question for decision, here, is, when authority has been secured from the electorate for the creation of the debt by the solemn assurance to the voters, by the ordinance submitting the proposal to them, that when the debt was incurred, it should be subject to the condition, that the city should have the right to refund the debt at any interest paying time, which would be twice each year, after ten years had expired, from the date of the bonds and at the prevailing lower rate of interest, and such condition was thus necessarily one upon which the electorate assented to the creation of the debt, should the board of commissioners now be permitted to incur the debt free from such condition, and in a manner to deny the city the right 'which such provision of the ordinance guaranteed? There is no precedent in this jurisdiction which can be relied upon for the determination of this exact question, but the proposal is one which strikes the moral sense, at once, as wrong. While a proposal could have been submitted to the voters for the incurrence of the debt, without attaching to it such a privilege as the refunding provision provides, and if the voters approved, the debt could have been lawfully incurred and in that sense the inclusion of such a provision in the ordinance submitting the proposal, was unnecessary, but its inclusion was not unlawful and was one of the conditions upon which the voters gave their assent to incurring the debt at all, and without such assent it cannot be pretended that the board of commissioners have any authority to create the debt. It should be observed that the publication of the ordinance which submitted the pro*343posal to incur the debt to the voters, was the only notice of the election which the voters had, or which the statute provides, of the proposal to incur the debt, the amount of it and the sum necessary to be raised by taxation annually to satisfy it, and this notice, provided that while the debt would be incurred, it would be imposed with the right of the city to refund it at a lower rate of interest, if obtainable, after ten years, and it cannot be said that such a right is of no value and of such immaterial character and consequence, that, it had no influence in securing the approval of the- electorate. The commissioners deemed it of consequence and materiality or else they would not have included it- in the ordinance and it is such a provision as a business man in private affairs would consider to be of value and worthy of consideration. In fact it is not to be assumed that any material condition attached to the right 'to incur such indebtedness by a municipality and included in the ordinance which -submitted the matter to the approval of the voters was not in the minds of the voters when making their decision and influenced their decision to approve. Considering the amount of the proposed debt and the fact that it will not all be liquidated until the expiration of forty years, and that the interest as provided in the ordinance might be as high as 6 per cent, per annum, the advantage to the taxpayers of a right to refund the debt at a lower rate of interest after ten years, would be very considerable and of such material character that it should not be disregarded. The voters having assented to the incurrence of the debt only with the refunding privilege, as defined in the ordinance, as a condition upon which the debt was to be created, it cannot be said, that they have ever assented or approved the creation of the debt with such provision eliminated, as the commissioners are now proposing to do. -To hold that the commissioners should now be permitted to incur the indebtedness and to issue the bonds therefor and eliminate the provision providing for the refunding privilege, at a lower rate of interest, would be to hold that advantages of the most seductive character could be attached to the proposal to create a municipal debt in the notice and advertisement which submits the matter to the voters, and'after the approval of the electorate is obtained by their reliance upon the very advantageous conditions to be attached to the debt, and without which they *344would not have given their approval, could after the election be eliminated and disregarded, because the conditions were not such as were made necessary by the statute to be included in an ordinance submitting to a vote of the people a proposal to incur a debt by a municipality.

This court has held in several cases, that questions required by law to be submitted to the voters, by the legislative authorities of municipalities, were binding upon such authorities as by a contract. Scott v. Forrest, 174 Ky. 672; Blain Campbell, etc., v. Clinton County, 176 Ky. 396; Campbell v. Hamons, 177 Ky. 219; Lawrence County v. Lawrence Fiscal Court, 191 Ky. 45. In these cases, however, the questions involved related to the purposes of the proposed indebtedness, which was a fact required by the statute to be submitted to the voters, and for such reason, it may be insisted that the cases are not authorities upon the question involved, in the instant casé, where it has reference to a matter, which was submitted to the voters, but, which the statute did not require to be submitted, in order to the creation of a valid municipal obligation. In other jurisdictions our attention has been called to three adjudications, which under a different state of facts have involved the question under determination. In Yesler v. City of Seattle, 25 Pac. 1014, the Supreme Court of Washington, held that a city council can submit to the voters only those matters directed to be submitted by the legislature; that, if the ordinance calling the election, submitted to the voters matters left by the statute to its discretion, the fact did not create a rule or contract under which the council would be required to negotiate the bonds, and that the actual negotiation of the bonds without reference to such provision in the ordinance would not be restrained at the suit of taxpayers, if the mayor and council were acting in good faith and had been unable to negotiate the bonds with such provisions included. The Texas Court of Civil Appeals held in Nalle v. City of Austin, 21 S. W. 375 that the terms of the submission to voters are binding upon the council, as a contract, but, this opinion was reversed upon appeal by the Supreme Court of Texas, which held that upon a question not required to be submitted to the voters, the council was not bound by an ordinance passed before the election, upon the theory that “the citizens, who voted at the election- must be held to have known that the ordinance, which had been passed limiting the price was subject to *345repeal by tlie council, which passed it.” Upon the other hand, the Supreme Court of California, in Skinner v. Santa Rosa, 107 Cal. 464, repudiated both the conclusions and reasoning of the Supreme Court of Washington, in Yesler v. Seattle, supra, and held that a council was bound to observe every provision of the submission, whether required by statute or not, upon the theory, that to hold otherwise would open the door to fraudulent submissions, or for obtaining, without fraud, a grant of power, that would otherwise be denied. The Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia, in Lawson v. Kanawha County Court, 92 S. E. 786, approved the doctrine enunciated by the California Court, in Skinner v. Santa Rosa, supra, and criticised the conclusions reached in Yesler v. Seattle, supra. We think the conclusions of the court in Skinner v. Santa Rosa, and Lawson v. Kanawha County Court are founded upon better reasons, than the opinions holding to the contrary, and have the advantage of being in accordance with the principles of good faith, which should be exercised in such matters. In the instant case, we do not mean .to attribute any want of good faith to the commissioners, who are proposing to create the debt and negotiate the bonds, with the refunding privilege provided by the ordinance, under which the election was held, and from which they acquired their authority, eliminated; but the refunding right, although not necessary under the statute to be included in the submission to authorize a municipal debt, in the instant case it was submitted; its submission was not prohibited by the statute and was not unlawful, and it is impossible to discern why such a provision, when included in the ordinance, under which the election was held is not as binding upon the commissioners, as by contract, as if it was a fact required by the statute to be submitted to the voters, in order to give authority for th$ incurrence of a municipal debt, where it was first necessary to obtain the approval of the voters. For such reason and the foregoing one, that no assent has ever been obtained for the incurrence of the debt, except that it be subject to the provision, the commissioners are attempting to exercise a power, which has never been granted to them, without the inclusion of the provision. Therefore the judgment, so far as it denied an injunction restraining the creation of the debt and the negotiation of the bonds, without being subject *346to the refunding’ privilege, as defined in the ordinance, is reversed, hut in other respects the judgment is affirmed. The cause is remanded for proceeding's consistent with this opinion.

All members of the court sitting.