450 N.W.2d 66 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1989
PEPPERMAN
v.
AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF MICHIGAN INSURANCE GROUP
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Dickinson, Wright, Moon, Van Dusen & Freeman (by John Corbett O'Meara, Thomas G. Kienbaum and Danna M. Kozerski), for defendants.
Before: McDONALD, P.J., and MICHAEL J. KELLY and MURPHY, JJ.
McDONALD, P.J.
Defendants appeal by leave granted the September 12 and October 12, 1988, decision and order denying their motion for summary disposition in this wrongful discharge case. We reverse.
Plaintiff was employed by defendants in December, 1972, as a commissioned sales representative. In 1983 plaintiff accepted an offer of the newly created position of general agent. Plaintiff remained a general agent until his April 14, 1987, termination by defendants. Plaintiff thereafter filed the instant action claiming wrongful discharge based on breach of employment contract, violation of public policy and promissory estoppel. Defendants moved for summary disposition, alleging in part that plaintiff's employment was terminable at will. The trial court denied the motion, finding the determination whether plaintiff's employment was terminable at will or for cause involved factual questions. We disagree.
A motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10) tests the factual support for a claim. After reviewing the pleadings, affidavits, depositions and other available documentary evidence in a light most favorable to the nonmovant, the court must determine whether a record might be developed which will leave open an issue upon *521 which reasonable minds could differ. Dumas v Auto Club Ins Ass'n, 168 Mich. App. 619; 425 NW2d 480 (1988). An employer is free to enter into employment contracts terminable at will without assigning cause. An employer who does not agree to job security may protect itself by entering into a written contract which explicitly provides that the employee serves at the pleasure or at the will of the employer. Toussaint v Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Michigan, 408 Mich. 579; 292 NW2d 880 (1980).
The instant plaintiff's employment agreement stated in part:
The Company and the Employee agree that his/her employment can be terminated with or without cause, at any time at the option of either the Company or the Employee by written notice delivered in person or mailed by ordinary mail to the last known post office address of the other party.
* * *
This agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Company and the Employee, and it shall not be altered or amended except by an agreement in writing signed by the Employee and the Company president's designated representative.
This agreement supersedes all prior agreements, if any, whether oral or written, between the Company and the Employee, and all other employment contracts, if any, whether oral or written, between the Employee and the Company are cancelled. All compensation which otherwise may have been payable to the Employee under former contracts with the Company, if any, whether oral or written, is waived by the Employee.
No representative of the Company, other than the Company President's designated representative, has any authority to enter into any agreement for employment for any specified period of time, or to enter into any agreement regarding the *522 payment or entitlement to compensation, or to enter into any agreement contrary to any of the terms set forth in this Agreement.
We believe this language explicitly created an at will employment contract. Moreover, the nonmodification clauses of the contract negate plaintiff's allegations of subsequent contrary oral assertions made by his branch manager. See Eliel v Sears, Roebuck & Co, 150 Mich. App. 137; 387 NW2d 842 (1985).
Given the express terms of plaintiff's employment contract, we find erroneous the trial court's failure to grant summary disposition in favor of defendants on plaintiff's breach of contract claim. We decline to address defendants' remaining claims as this Court's review is limited to issues actually decided by the trial court. Michigan Mutual Ins Co v American Community Mutual Ins Co, 165 Mich. App. 269; 418 NW2d 455 (1987).
Reversed.