People v. Williams

Jun 14, 2013
Versions:

Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Monroe County (Joseph D. Valentino, J.), rendered October 10, 2008. The judgment convicted defendant, upon a jury verdict, of course of sexual conduct against a child in the first degree and endangering the welfare of a child.

It is hereby ordered that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.

Memorandum: On appeal from a judgment convicting him following a jury trial of course of sexual conduct against a child in the first degree (Penal Law § 130.75 [1] [a]) and endangering the welfare of a child (§ 260.10 [1]), defendant contends that he is entitled to a new trial because Supreme Court neglected to give limiting instructions with respect to Molineux evidence establishing that he had subjected the victim‘s brother to physical abuse (see People v Molineux, 168 NY 264 [1901]). As defendant correctly concedes, that contention is unpreserved for our review because his attorney did not request a limiting instruction and failed to object to the court‘s failure to provide one (see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Sommerville, 30 AD3d 1093, 1094-1095 [2006]; People v Wright, 5 AD3d 873, 876 [2004], lv denied 3 NY3d 651 [2004]). Because the Molineux evidence in question did not relate to prior sexual abuse, and because it appears from the record that defense counsel knew of the court‘s failure to give limiting instructions and yet remained silent when the error could have been corrected, we decline to exercise our power to review that contention as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see People v Westbrooks, 90 AD3d 1536, 1537 [2011], lv denied 18 NY3d 963 [2012]; cf. People v Presha, 83 AD3d 1406, 1407 [2011]).

We reject defendant‘s further contention that he was deprived of effective assistance of counsel due to defense counsel‘s failure to object to the lack of a limiting instruction. Defense counsel may have had a strategic reason for failing to request a limiting instruction inasmuch as he may not have wished to draw further attention to the Molineux evidence (see generally People v Benevento, 91 NY2d 708, 712 [1998]). In any event, defendant points to no other alleged deficiencies on the part of defense counsel, and this is not one of those “rare” cases where a single alleged error by defense counsel was so egregious that it deprived defendant of effective assistance of counsel (People v Turner, 5 NY3d 476, 478 [2005]; see generally People v Cosby, 82 AD3d 63, 67 [2011], lv denied 16 NY3d 857 [2011]).

Contrary to defendant‘s further contention, the court did not improperly assume the function of an advocate at trial by directing the prosecutor to elicit testimony from the victim clarifying that, by referring to defendant‘s “private part,” she meant his penis. A trial court “is entitled to question witnesses to clarify testimony and to facilitate the progress of the trial” and to “elicit relevant and important facts” (People v Yut Wai Tom, 53 NY2d 44, 55, 57 [1981]). A court may also request a prosecutor to ask particular questions to clarify ambiguous testimony (see People v Medina, 284 AD2d 122, 122 [2001], lv denied 96 NY2d 922 [2001], citing People v Moulton, 43 NY2d 944 [1978]; see also People v Soto, 210 AD2d 5, 6 [1994], lv denied 84 NY2d 1039 [1995]). Although a court‘s power to elicit testimony should “be exercised sparingly, without partiality, bias or hostility” (People v Jamison, 47 NY2d 882, 883 [1979]; see Yut Wai Tom, 53 NY2d at 57), there is no indication in the record here that the court was biased against defendant or otherwise hostile toward him. In any event, we note that the victim in her direct testimony sufficiently described defendant‘s “private part” as his penis inasmuch as she confirmed that his “private part” was the “part” from which he urinated (see generally People v Pereau, 45 AD3d 978, 981 [2007], lv denied 9 NY3d 1037 [2008]). Thus, clarification on that point was not necessary, and any alleged error of the court was therefore harmless (see generally People v Crimmins, 36 NY2d 230, 241-242 [1975]).

Finally, we have reviewed defendant‘s contention regarding the alleged defectiveness of the grand jury proceedings and conclude that it lacks merit (see generally People v Hebert, 68 AD3d 1530, 1533-1534 [2009], lv denied 14 NY3d 841 [2010]).

Present—Smith, J.P., Fahey, Peradotto, Lindley and Whalen, JJ.