Defendant Calvin George White was charged with possession with intent to deliver marijuana, MCL 333.7401(2)(c); MSA 14.15(7401)(2)(c). Following preliminary examination, he was bound over to Recorder’s Court of Detroit for trial on the charged offense. In Recorder’s Court defendant filed a motion to suppress the evidence which had been seized pursuant to a search warrant and which was the basis for the marijuana charge. The court granted the motion to suppress and dismissed the case, finding that issuance of the warrant was not supported by probable cause. The prosecutor appeals. Defendant *463 has filed a cross-appeal, challenging the court’s rejection of his claim that the magistrate lacked the authority to issue the warrant. We reverse the order of dismissal and the order granting the motion to suppress.
Probable cause for issuance of a search warrant exists when the facts and circumstances would allow a person of reasonable prudence to believe that the evidence of a crime or contraband sought is in the stated place.
People v Sundling,
In this case, we are persuaded of no abuse of the magistrate’s discretion. The search warrant was issued on March 27, 1986, and authorized the police to search the premises at 19134 Braile in Detroit. The supporting affidavit of a Detroit police officer assigned to the investigation of controlled substances violations was based in part on the observations of a confidential informant, whose credibility and reliability are not challenged. According to the affidavit, the informant’s attempt to make a controlled buy of marijuana from defendant at the Braile address on March 26, 1986, was unsuccessful. But the informant spoke with defendant at that address on that day and saw several plastic baggies of suspected marijuana in defendant’s hand. The informant also saw three persons sitting in the living room smoking marijuana. The affiant further stated that during a subsequent thirty-minute police surveillance of the house on March 26, seventeen people arrived. Each of those people, ten of whom arrived by car and seven by *464 foot, entered the house but stayed for only about thirty seconds. The affiant stated that such activity is common in narcotics trafficking, and that, from April 26, 1985, to March 24, 1986, the narcotics section had received four reports of drugs being sold at 19134 Braile.
We find that, on the basis of the affidavit submitted in this case, a reasonably prudent person could have concluded that evidence of a crime or contraband was present at 19134 Braile on March 27, 1986. While the passage of time is a valid consideration in deciding whether probable cause exists at the time a warrant is issued, the delay in this case was not substantial and, under these facts, did not render the information in the affidavit fatally stale. Cf.
People v David,
On cross-appeal defendant argues that a magistrate has no authority to issue search warrants without the written authorization of a district court judge, that there was no such authorization in existence at the time the instant search war *465 rant was issued, and that the search warrant was therefore invalid. 1 We disagree.
A magistrate’s power to issue an arrest warrant in a particular case is, with certain exceptions, expressly dependent on the written authorization of the prosecuting attorney or municipal attorney. MCL 600.8511(b); MSA 27A.8511(b). In contrast, magistrates have the general power "to issue search warrants, when authorized to do so by a district court judge.” MCL 600.8511(d); MSA 27A.8511(d). By court rule, magistrates may exercise only those duties expressly authorized by the chief judge of the district or division. MCR 4.401(B).
In
People v Brooks,
The Legislature obviously varied these neighboring sections intentionally so as to require a written authorization order from the prosecutor only for arrest warrants. There is no authority in the statutes or common law of Michigan for extending this requirement to search warrants. [75 Mich App 450 .]
We are persuaded that this reasoning applies also to the claim made by defendant in this case. *466 There is no requirement of written authorization in MCL 600.8511(d); MSA 27A.8511(d) or in MCR 4.401(B), and, contrary to defendant’s claim on appeal, there is no express requirement that the authorization contemplated by the statute and court rule be granted by administrative order under MCR 8.112. We are persuaded that, had the Legislature or Supreme Court intended to require written authorization, they would have done so.
Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
Notes
At the hearing on the motion to suppress, defense counsel stated that he had gone to the office of the administrator of the 36th District Court and had been told that there is nothing in writing which authorizes the court’s magistrates to issue search warrants. Counsel also stated that he had spoken with one of the magistrates, who told him "that although they believe they have oral authorization, that there’s nothing in writing to that person’s knowledge either.”