309 N.W.2d 665 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1981
PEOPLE
v.
VANDERGRIFT.
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William L. Cahalan, Prosecuting Attorney, Edward Reilly Wilson, Principal Attorney, Appeals, and Carolyn Schmidt, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Walter Lyshak, for defendant.
Before: MacKENZIE, P.J., and V.J. BRENNAN and M.F. CAVANAGH, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant was charged with driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, MCL 257.625; MSA 9.2325. After a bench trial, defendant was found guilty of operating a motor vehicle while his ability was visibly impaired due to the consumption of intoxicating liquor, MCL 257.625b; MSA 9.2325(2). Defendant was ordered to pay a fine of $200 or to serve 20 days in the Detroit House of Corrections. Defendant appeals as of right.
*557 At trial, the judge of the Recorder's Court denied defendant's motion to dismiss the charges. Defendant's motion to dismiss was based upon his contention that a prior circuit court restoration of defendant's driver's license was relevant to his criminal trial and would lead the trial court to conclude that defendant was denied a requested Breathalyzer test.
Defendant asserts that it was error for the trial judge to find defendant guilty of operating a motor vehicle while visibly impaired because defendant was refused the opportunity to take the Breathalyzer test. Although the trial judge did not specifically state whether or not he found defendant had been refused the Breathalyzer test, a judge's failure to find facts does not require remand where it is manifest that he was aware of the factual issue, he resolved it, and it would not facilitate appellate review to require further explication of the path he followed in reaching the result. People v Robert Jackson, 390 Mich. 621, 627, fn 3; 212 NW2d 918 (1973), People v Smith, 101 Mich. App. 110; 300 NW2d 470 (1980), People v Green, 32 Mich. App. 482; 189 NW2d 122 (1971), People v George Scott, 21 Mich. App. 217-218; 175 NW2d 312 (1970). The trial judge made specific findings upon which he based his judgment that the defendant was visibly impaired. We infer from the trial judge's findings that he found defendant was not refused the opportunity to take a Breathalyzer test because, after the defendant's motion to dismiss, the trial judge stated that he was aware of the law but that he would proceed to determine the factual issues. The determination of whether defendant was denied the opportunity to take a Breathalyzer test was a factual issue. The trial judge found the defendant guilty of operating a motor vehicle while visibly impaired. Therefore, it my be inferred *558 that the trial court did find that the defendant was not denied the opportunity to take the Breathalyzer test.
Findings by a trial judge sitting in a nonjury trial will be reviewed in accordance with GCR 1963, 517.1, which provides in pertinent part:
"Findings of fact shall not be set aside unless clearly erroneous. In the application of this principle regard shall be given to the special opportunity of the trial court to judge the credibility of those witnesses who appeared before it."
A finding is clearly erroneous when "although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed". Tuttle v Dep't of State Highways, 397 Mich. 44, 46; 243 NW2d 244 (1976).
We find that in the present case there was sufficient evidence to support the court's finding that the defendant was not refused an opportunity to take a Breathalyzer test. Although the defendant maintained that he requested the Breathalyzer test after being in the police station for about 45 minutes, the police officer testified that within one hour he had asked defendant three times whether he wanted to take this test and each time defendant refused. Pursuant to GCR 1963, 517.1, we will give special regard to the trial court's opportunity to judge the credibility of these witnesses who appeared before it. Apparently, the trial judge chose to believe the police officer. We find that the trial court did not err in finding that defendant was not denied his opportunity to take a Breathalyzer test and was guilty of operating a motor vehicle while visibly impaired.
Defendant next maintains that the findings of *559 the circuit court hearing restoring his driver's license should be binding on the Recorder's Court in his trial on the charge of driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor. Defendant cites no law in support of this proposition.
If a driver, arrested for drunk driving, refuses to take a Breathalyzer test, his or her driver's license is automatically suspended for 90 days unless the driver requests a hearing. MCL 257.625f; MSA 9.2325(6). Defendant's driver's license was suspended and then restored by circuit court order after a hearing. Defendant maintains that the circuit court found that he had been denied the opportunity to take a Breathalyzer test and that that finding should be binding in the Recorder's Court trial on the charge of drunk driving.
The Recorder's Court was not provided with a transcript of the circuit court proceedings. At the circuit court hearing, no police testimony was taken, therefore, defendant's testimony was uncontroverted. Defendant's attorney stated that defendant called him after he was arrested and he advised defendant to take the Breathalyzer test. The circuit court found that defendant's attorney offered corroborative evidence of the fact that defendant asked for a Breathalyzer test. That court also stated that it was satisfied that defendant was willing to take the test and, therefore, the license should be restored.
We find that the findings of the circuit court were not binding on the Recorder's Court. First, although the circuit court found that the defendant was willing to take the test, it did not specifically state, as defendant contends, that the defendant was denied the opportunity to take the test. The circuit court did not have the opportunity to *560 hear the testimony of the police officers. The Secretary of State, who was the respondent in the circuit court proceedings, presented no witnesses. Second, the proceedings in the circuit court were civil in nature, and the proceedings in the Recorder's Court were criminal, therefore, the burdens of proof were not the same. Third, the issues presented in the two court proceedings were not the same. In circuit court, the issue was whether the defendant was entitled to continuation of the privilege of operating a motor vehicle. In Recorder's Court, the issue was whether, beyond a reasonable doubt, defendant had violated MCL 257.625; MSA 9.2325. Finally, in other jurisdictions where the hearing on the revocation of one's driver's license was held subsequent to the defendant's acquittal on a drunk driving charge, the fact of an acquittal of the criminal charge was not binding on a subsequent court in a hearing on the revocation of a driver's license. Prucha v Dep't of Motor Vehicles, 172 Neb 415; 110 NW2d 75 (1961), Combes v Kelly, 2 Misc. 2d 491; 152 NYS2d 934 (1956), Anderson v MacDuff, 208 Misc 271; 143 NYS2d 257 (1955). We apply the rationale of these cases to the present case even though the order of proceedings is reversed. The defendant's conviction is affirmed.
Affirmed.