77 N.Y.2d 861 | NY | 1991
Lead Opinion
OPINION OF THE COURT
Memorandum.
The order of the Appellate Division in each case should be affirmed.
During deliberations, the jury asked for reinstruction on the elements of first and second degree robbery. The Judge complied with that request, first listing the elements and then explaining them. While the Judge was explaining the elements, a juror apparently was taking notes. Noticing this, the Judge instructed the jurors that if disagreement arose between a juror’s recollection and the notes, the jurors must request a readback of the instruction. After this cautionary instruction, defense counsel asked the court "to direct the juror to rip her notes up.” The court denied the application, and counsel made no further request.
Defendants make only one claim regarding the juror’s notes (see, by contrast, People v Anderson, 151 AD2d 335; People v DiLuca, 85 AD2d 439). Defendants contend it was reversible error to permit the juror’s notes to be taken into the jury room, likening those notes either to a copy of a statute, which a jury may be given only with the parties’ consent (CPL 310.30; People v Sanders, 70 NY2d 837, 838), or to a partial written charge, presenting the same danger of misuse (People v Nimmons, 72 NY2d 830; People v Moore, 71 NY2d 684, 687; People v Brooks, 70 NY2d 896, 898; People v Owens, 69 NY2d 585, 591). Neither analogy is apt.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). Unlike the majority, I would conclude that it was per se reversible error for the Trial Judge to permit the jurors to bring with them into the jury room, over defense counsel’s objection, notes taken by one of the jurors during the court’s supplemental charge on the elements of first and second degree robbery. Since it is clear that the court could not have given the jurors a written copy of those statutory elements without defense counsel’s consent (see, CPL 310.30; People v Nimmons, 72 NY2d 830, 831; People v Brooks, 70 NY2d 896, 897-898; People v Sanders, 70 NY2d 837, 838; People v Owens, 69 NY2d 585, 590-591; People v Watkins, 155 AD2d 386, 387, lv denied 76 NY2d 744), it is diflicult to perceive why they should be permitted to take a fellow juror’s transcription of the court’s recitation of those elements into the jury room. The result is the same in both instances; and thus, in my view, neither should be permissible in the absence of both sides’ consent (see, CPL 310.30; People v Owens, 69 NY2d 585, 590, supra [the consent of both sides is an "absolute precondition” (emphasis added)]).
Moreover, contrary to the majority’s assertions, the trial court’s cautionary instructions could not have alleviated the potential prejudice defendants faced as the result of what essentially amounted to the presence in the jury room of only selective portions of the court’s charge.
Finally, I note that the majority’s concluding observation that "[t]he court’s supplemental instruction was not simply a recitation of statutory elements * * * but an explanation of the relevant concepts” (majority mem, at 863) is somewhat perplexing. To the extent it suggests that a jury may take a list of a crime’s statutory elements into the jury room as long as the Judge explains "the relevant concepts,” it is inconsistent with both CPL 310.30 and this Court’s prior precedent (see, e.g., People v Nimmons, 72 NY2d 830, supra [relying upon CPL 310.30]; cf., People v Moore, 71 NY2d 684, 686 [permitting jurors to take part of indictment into jury room held to be harmless beyond a reasonable doubt in light of the irrefutable evidence of defendant’s guilt]).
Accordingly, I would reverse defendants’ convictions and order a new trial.
Chief Judge Wachtler and Judges Simons, Kaye, Alexander, Hancock, Jr., and Bellacosa concur; Judge Titone dissents and votes to reverse in an opinion.
In each case: Order affirmed in a memorandum.
. At most, the court’s cautionary instructions acted to lessen the potential prejudice that defendants faced if the juror’s notes were inaccurate.
. Contrary to the majority’s contention, the fact that the jury requested the supplemental charge cannot be said to have alleviated the potential prejudice to defendants (see, CPL 310.30 [requiring both that the jury request the materials and that the parties consent]; People v Sanders, 70 NY2d 837, 838).