delivered the opinion of the court:
The defendant and Arthur R. McDougle were jointly charged by information for armed robbery. A severance was granted and McDougle was tried separately and convicted, a conviction which we have affirmed. Defendant Trammell was tried before a jury, found guilty of armed robbery and sentenced to 4-8 years in the penitentiary.
Defendant contends that the trial court erred in denying defendant’s pretrial motion to suppress his written statement and that it also erred in giving an instruction on “flight”.
At approximately 12:18 a.m. on December 16, 1976, a black Buick automobile was driven into the Clark Oil station in Rockford. One of the occupants entered the station and held up the two attendants at gunpoint, taking a coin changer from one of them and approximately $70 in cash. The robber then left the premises, entered the rear door of the Buick, which was then driven away with its lights out for a short distance. A description of the car was telephoned to the police and approximately one minute later the car in question was stopped. Defendant, McDougle and Kevin Hodges were found therein, the defendant being the driver of the vehicle with Hodges in the front passenger seat and co-defendant McDougle in the rear seat. The coin changer was found under the front passenger seat of the car and a .22-caliber handgun was found under the driver’s seat. The three men were taken to the police station where the defendant, Trammell, made a statement to the police. This statement, in essence, was that McDougle talked about getting some money and suggested robbing the Owens station. Defendant told him “No,” as he “knew the guy who worked there.” Trammell then drove to the Clark station and McDougle and Kevin Hodges got out of the car, were gone 5-10 minutes and returned and, at that time, Trammell saw that McDougle had a gun in his left hand. Trammell further stated that McDougle told him to “drive.” This statement was read to the jury. The defendant took the stand and stated that the police officers made up about 95% of the statement and denied stating that “Arthur suggested robbing the Owens station while we were there.” Defendant further testified that after he made the statement he was kneed in the groin by one of the officers, and he then subsequently signed the same.
Defendant testified that he was in pain from the alleged battery and his co-defendant, McDougle, as well as a jail inmate, testified that Trammell had made complaints to them of the pain he suffered from the alleged kneeing.
A pretrial motion to suppress the statement was made by the defendant on the grounds that physical force was applied to coerce a statement from him. Defendant contends that it became the duty of the State, by clear and convincing proof, to establish the injuries were not the result of police brutality, and has cited People v. Davis (1966),
In the case before us the defendant had made the statement in question, admitted into evidence as State’s Exhibit No. 8, prior to the alleged injury. The defendant testified that after he had made the statement the officer then kneed him in the groin in order to get him to sign it. It can thus be seen that, even were the contentions of the defendant in this regard true, he had already made the statement implicating himself in the armed robbery prior to the time of the alleged brutality. We will not disturb the finding of the trial court in the admission of this statement, as that court is in a far better position to determine the credibility of the witnesses in this regard, particularly in view of the fact that the statement was made prior to the aUeged incident. We find this contention to be without merit.
The trial court, over the objection of the defendant, gave the following instruction, not contained in IUinois Pattern Jury Instructions, which was tendered by the State:
“The period of time and activities involved in escaping to a place of safety are part of the commission of a crime.”
The defendant submits that this instruction was a “flight” instruction and that under the circumstances of this case the giving of the same was erroneous. In support of this argument he states that the IUinois Judicial Conference Committee on Pattern Instructions in its comments following IUinois Pattern Jury Instructions, recommended that no instruction on flight be given in a criminal case.
Based on a careful examination of the instruction at issue, and the evidence presented in this case, we find that the “flight” label applied by the defendant to the instruction is inappropriate. There is no doubt that the words of that instruction were lifted verbatim from the opinion of the supreme court in People v. Hickman (1974),
In the case at hand the instruction given was necessary to make clear to the jury that the defendant would be as guilty of the armed robbery as McDougle, the man who actually held the gun, if they found beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant knowingly attempted to convey McDougle to a place of safety after the crime. In the light of this necessity, we consider this instruction to be proper. Even if we were to consider this language to be truly a “flight” instruction, we would find that it was properly submitted.
In the case of People v. Henderson (1976),
“(1) The defendant must leave the scene of the crime; (2) The defendant must know or have reason to know that a crime has been committed and that he is or may be suspected of committing that crime [citations]; and (3) the defendant’s act of departure must be for the purpose of evading arrest. [Citations.]
Once these factors are present, a flight instruction, based on the defendant’s departure, may be given. From the evidence of flight, the jury may then infer consciousness of guilt and consider this circumstance in determining the guilt or innocence of the defendant.” (39 Ill. App. 3d 502 , 512,348 N.E.2d 854 , 862-63.)
Based on the evidence adduced at trial, we specifically find that all three factors were properly present in the case before us.
On the basis of the foregoing analysis, we affirm.
Affirmed.
WOODWARD and SEIDENFELD, JJ, concur.