101 Cal. 571 | Cal. | 1894
Appeal from an order refusing a motion to set aside and vacate a judgment.
On October 12, 1880, the state commenced an action in the superior court of El Dorado county against the appellant, W. 0. Thomas, to foreclose a certificate of purchase of certain state lands, issued to him in 1875, and in which action judgment was rendered against said Thomas on the 27th of December, 1880.
Prior to the commencement of that action, Thomas conveyed the lands embraced in said certificate to the El Dorado Slate Company, a corporation, and on Sep
The affidavit further alleges that the defendant, Thomas, was, at the time of the commencement of the action, and for more than a year after the judgment was entered, a nonresident of this state.
It is also contended that the service of summons was made under section 3549 of the Political Code, whereas it should have been made under the Code of Civil Procedure.
A judgment, however, is void upon its face only when that fact is made apparent by an inspection of the judgment-roll (Hahn v. Kelly, 34 Cal. 404; Jacks v. Baldez, 97 Cal. 91), and as these objections do not appear upon the judgment-roll they do not show that it is void upon its face. The affidavit required by section 412 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and the order that the service be made by publication of the summons, if they had been made, constituted no part of the judgment-roll, and their absence, therefore, does not show the invalidity of the judgment when examined in the light of the judgment-roll alone. (In re Newman, 75 Cal. 220; 7 Am. St. Rep. 146.)
It is contended, however, that the affidavit showing the publication of the summons, which is part of the judgment-roll, is insufficient, as it was made by the “publisher” and not by “ the printer or the foreman or principal clerk ” as required by section 415 of the Code of Civil Procedure. We think this objection is not well taken. In Sharp v. Daugney, 33 Cal. 513, it is said:
*574 “And the further objection that the affidavit was made by a publisher and proprietor and not by the printer, foreman, or principal clerk is fully met by Bunce v. Reed, 16 Barb. 347. It was held in that case that, for the purposes of the question, printers and publishers might be considered synonymous, the latter being within the spirit of the statute. An affidavit which should fail to show that the affiant had any relations to the paper might demand, if unaided by other portions of the judgment-roll, a different consideration.”
In Menard v. Crowe, 20 Minn. 452, upon this question the court said:
“ Ordinarily, and therefore presumably, the publisher of a paper is the printer, in the sense of being the person for whom, as principal, and by whose servants, the paper is printed. So that, without going as far as Bunce v. Reed, 16 Barb. 347, where it is held that publisher and printer are synonymous, it would be enough for this case to say that the ordinary presumption that the publisher of the paper is the printer in the sense above is not overcome by any showing to the contrary”; citing Sharp v. Daugney, 33 Cal. 513. (See, also, Kipp v. Cook, 46 Minn. 537, where the same authorities are followed.)
The proof of publication of the summons being sufficient no ground is suggested by appellant upon which it can be said that the judgment is void upon its face.
Appellant contends that even though the judgment-roll does not disclose the invalidity of the judgment, that his attack upon the judgment being direct, and not collateral, the motion should have been granted; and People v. Mullan, 65 Cal. 396, and People v. Greene, 74 Cal. 400, 5 Am. St. Rep. 448, are cited in support of this contention.
That a judgment void upon its face may be vacated at any time upon motion is well settled; and it is also clear that a judgment in fact void for want of jurisdiction over the person of the defendant, where its invalidity does not appear from the judgment-roll (as where
It is not necessary to decide in this case whether there is any limit to the time within which such motion may be sustained, or to fix such limit, if there is one, since the circumstances of the case point to another and more appropriate remedy, viz: an equitable action to vacate the judgment; and these circumstances, I think, should be held a sufficient justification of the denial of the motion, even if it be conceded that mere lapse of time should not defeat the motion.
The land sold by the state to Thomas was the west half of section 36. On June 4, 1875, Thomas sold and conveyed the same lands to the El Dorado Slate .Company; but this conveyance was not recorded until August, 1892, nor was the register of the state land office notified thereof. In January, 1887, the state sold the northwest quarter of the northwest one-quarter of said section to one Eeeg, who afterwards, in February, 1888, conveyed the same to Mothersole and Ferine, and their deed was recorded in April of the same year. Mother-sole and Ferine allege in their affidavit that they have been in the actual possession and occupation of said quarter section ever since their purchase; that they have expended more than thirty thousand dollars upon the property; that they had no knowledge or notice of any claim thereto by the El Dorado Slate Company, but that the slate company had knowledge during all that
Under these circumstances I think that the appellant should be left to its remedy by an equitable action, that upon that ground its motion was properly denied, and that the order appealed from should be affirmed.
Belcher, C., and Temple, 0., concurred.
For the reasons given in the foregoing opinion the order appealed from is affirmed.
McFarland, J., De Haven, J.
