82 N.Y.S. 297 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1903
The motion to dismiss must be denied; and it seems best to state the law of the case now for guidance on the preliminary hearing. This captain of police, and the three patrolmen who acted under his orders, are charged with the serious crime of official oppression. The last indictment and conviction for this crime in this part of the state were, I think, of Sutherland, who was a party to the lawlessness of the McKane police, who entered houses without warrants, and arrested people without warrants for alleged misdemeanors not committed in their presence, and generally trampled on individual rights in defiance of the law until the community could suffer it no longer.
These defendants now claim that the acts with which they are 'charged in the complainant’s deposition do not make out the crime of oppression. On the decision of this motion it has to be
Section 55G of the Penal Code which defines the said crime is as follows:
“A public officer, or a person pretending to be such, who, unlawfully and maliciously, under pretense or color of official authority,
1. Arrests another, or detains him against his will; or,
2. Seizes or levies upon another’s property; or,
3. Dispossesses another of any lands or tenements; or,
4. Does any other act whereby another person is injured in his person, property or rights;
Commits oppression, and is guilty of a misdemeanor.”
The deposition states that the complainant keeps a retail cigar and tobacco store; that this police captain, accompanied by these three patrolmen, came into his store on March 12th, and that they remained there in possession all of that day, and then continuously all of the following eleven days, some of them being there all the time from 9 o’clock in the forenoon until 6 o’clock in the afternoon; that they refused to go out on the demand and protest of the complainant; that they said they were officers and would remain; that their presence in the complainant’s store gave him and his store a bad name, and deterred people from coming in and trading with him, thereby injuring him in his good name and business.
These acts fully make out the crime of oppression charged. By section 556 of the Penal Code which has been quoted above, unlawful arrests and detentions by the police, unlawful seizures by them of another’s property, and generally any unlawful acts by them “ whereby another person is injured in his person, property or rights,” constitute the crime of oppression.
It is difficult to conceive how any one so ignorant as to suppose that the police have the right to do what these defendants are charged with could ever be made a captain of police in any community of enlightened American citizens. It does not seem to be explainable at all, except on what might well be deemed the incredible theory that not only ordinary policemen but even police captains are appointed to the police force in the city of Hew York without any instruction or examination whatever in respect of the rights of individuals, and the limitations on.the power of
The principal duty of the police is to be in the streets and public places, and there preserve the public peace, and keep outward order and decency. When they are allowed or required to depart from this, and obtrude into houses at will, they are thereby enabled to levy extortion and blackmail on the .community. It is difficult to conceive how any one who sincerely wantsto prevent such extortion and blackmail, and break up all association between the police and certain social offenders, should favor the entry of houses by the police without warrants. The law knows of no greater folly than the notion that the police are the custodians or conservera of the private morals of the community, or could be made such with any safety whatever, or with any possibility of uplifting morals instead of debasing them. The moral growth of a community depends on its churches, schools and teachers, and the influence of a healthy and comfortable home life, and not on the police.
If these defendants had a warrant for the arrest of the complainant, it was their duty to arrest him and take him before the magistrate. If they had a search warrant, it was their duty to make the search expeditiously and go. If they had no warrant, then their entry into and possession of his place was lawless, and calculated to lead to disorder, for he had a right to resist them with all the force necessary.
It was said on the argument that the floor above the plaintiff’s store is occupied by a club of men, and that this captain suspects they play cards for money, or do some kind of gaming, there, and wants to stop them. But that gives no right to the police to enter or stay in the complainant’s store. If they had any warrant, whether to arrest any one, or search the club premises, it was their duty to execute it and go away. If they had no warrant, then their presence was unlawful, whether in the complainant’s store or in the club rooms.
The learned counsel for the defendants cites a part of section 315 of the city charter as authorizing the defendants to enter
The motion is denied.