People v. StaplesPeople v. Staples
- Reporters:
- , ,
- Before:
- Bashara
Defendant pled guilty to escape from prison,
Defendant seeks to withdraw his guilty plea because the prosecutor’s plea agreement was illusory. Defendant reaches this conclusion by reasoning that an escape conviction cannot be used to support habitual offender treatment because the escape statute itself requires the imposition of a consecutive sentence. If an habitual offender con *21 viction was secured as well, defendant argues that the escape conviction would result in a twice-enhanced sentence. This sentence would be consecutive under the escape statute and longer than usual under the habitual offender statute. Absent explicit legislative authorization for such a result, defendant asserts that the two statutes cannot be applied in tandem.
We agree that a plea agreement may constitute an illusory bargain if the prosecutor agrees not to charge defendant as an habitual offender in a case where such charge could not be made in any event. People v Roderick Johnson, 86 Mich App 77, 79; 272 NW2d 200 (1978). In the case at bar, however, we do not find that the bargain was illusory.
“(a) If the subsequent felony is punishable upon a first conviction by imprisonment for a term less than life, then the court, except as otherwise provided in this section or section 1 of chapter 11, may sentence the person to imprisonment for a maximum term which is not more than twice the longest term prescribed by law for a first conviction of that offense or for a lesser term.”MCL 769.11(l)(a) ; MSA 28.1083(l)(a).
The habitual offender statutes do not represent separate crimes. Rather, the application of the statutes merely operates to increase the sentence *22 imposed for conviction of the underlying felony. Wayne County Prosecutor v Recorder’s Court Judge, 406 Mich 374, 390; 280 NW2d 793 (1979), People v Stratton, 13 Mich App 350, 359 n 8; 164 NW2d 555 (1968), People v Shotwell, 352 Mich 42, 46; 88 NW2d 313 (1958), cert den 356 US 976; 78 S Ct 1141; 2 L Ed 2d 1149 (1958). Thus, conviction as an habitual offender is not conviction of a second felony on the basis of one offense (the escape). Indeed, this Court has so ruled on previous occasions with regard to escape, People v Shastal, 26 Mich App 347, 351-352; 182 NW2d 638 (1970), and aiding a prisoner to escape from a county jail, People v Potts, 55 Mich App 622, 639; 223 NW2d 96 (1974), lv den 391 Mich 833 (1974).
In People v Shotwell, 352 Mich 42; 88 NW2d 313 (1958), defendant argued that the Legislature did not intend the escape statute and the habitual offender statute to be applied in tandem. The Michigan Supreme Court rejected the argument in pertinent part as follows:
“While defendant does not cite the case, we note there is some possible comfort for him in some of the things we said in People v Brown, 253 Mich 537 (82 ALR 341). Despite that case, however, we further note that substantive crimes are created and defined in our penal code whereas the statutory provisions for second and subsequent offenders are found in our code of criminal procedure. This is some indication, we think, that the legislature did not intend to make a separate substantive crime out of being a habitual criminal but rather, for deterrent purposes, intended to augment the punishment for second or subsequent felonies. Since the legislature did not except escaping prison from our second offender statute we can only infer that it intended the latter statute to apply to all felonies. This we held with little if any discussion in In re Wilson, 295 Mich 179.” 352 Mich 42, 46.
*23
On the authority of
Shotwell, supra,
we feel compelled to reject defendant’s argument here. The Supreme Court’s conclusion that the second offender statute was intended to apply to all felonies, including escapes, is further strengthened by the 1978 amendment to
Defendant’s plea agreement was not an illusory bargain.
Affirmed.