The defendant aiid one Camargo were jointly indicted for the crime of grand larceny, the defendant as principаl and Camargo as accessory after the fact.
Upon the trial against the defendant, Camargo was callеd as a witness for the prosecution, and at the instance of the District Attorney, and against the objections of the dеfendant, instructed by the Court that anything he might testify to could not be used as evidence against himself.
There can be no doubt thаt he was a competent witness, and might testify to any facts within his knowledge, whether those facts tended to criminate himself or not. He was not obliged to criminate himself, but whether he should do so or not was a matter which concerned him and not thе defendant. He might probably have refused to testify at all, unless first discharged from the indictment (Crim. Pr. Act, Sec. 368); but this, too, was a mattеr over which the defendant had no control. Conceding that the Court was in error in telling him that the evidence he might give could not be used against himself, still the error in no way prejudiced the defendant.
The Sheriff who arrested the defendant was also called as a witness for the prosecution, and testified “ that after he had made the arrest the defendant askеd him what he was arrested for. I said, For stealing John Arnett’s cow. He said, Only one cow ? I said, Yes. He replied, That’s not much. Out on the street, after we had gone a little ways, he asked, What did Camargo say? I replied, Ca
The defendant moved to strike out all of this testimony, on the ground that the statements were not voluntary. The Court ovеrruled the motion and the defendant excepted.
The're was no valid objection to the testimony. Nothing-was disclosed tending to show that the statements of the defendant to the witness were not wholly free and voluntary.
The defendant became a witness in his own behalf and gave testimony tending to exonerate himself from the charge made against him. When the Court came to instruct the jury no reference was made to the defendant’s testimony. It is now claimed that the statute, which authоrizes defendants in criminal cases to become witnesses, requires the Court to instruct the jury in reference to the credit to be given to their testimony, and that the failure to do so in this case was error. The language of the statute is : “ The credit to be given to his testimony being left solely to the jury under the instructions of the Court.”
This is not a new rulé made for defendants in criminal cаses. It is simply the application to them of a rule which already existed as to other witnesses. It has always been the province of the Court to instruct the jury in the rules of law by which testimony is weighed and its credibility tested. The rule does not, however, require the Court in every case to explain to the jury how theyaire to consider and weigh the testimony. It is only when therе is something peculiar in the testimony itself, or in the manner of giving it, or in the circumstances surrounding the case, that the actiоn of the Court in this respect is made necessary.
In this case no instruction was asked by counsel upon
Among others the Court gave to the jury an instruction in these words : “ The possession оf stolen property is not alone sufficient to convict. It is merely a guilty circumstance which, taken in connection with other testimony, is to determine the question of guilt.”
The defendant objects to the words “guilty circumstance,” and insists that the jury were misled by them to his prejudice. An equivalent phrase in the connection in which the words were used would he “ circumstance tending to show guilt.” This was their manifest meaning, and thus read the instruction is not obnoxious to criticism.
When the jury had agreed upon their verdict, they were conducted into Court by the officer having them in charge, and, without their names being called, were inquired оf by the Court if they had agreed upon a verdict, and replied by their foreman that they had, and that their verdict was “guilty.”
It is now claimed that the Court erred in receiving the verdict, without first calling the names of the jurors. The statute provides that when the jury have agreed upon a verdict they shall be conducted into Court. “Their names must then be called, and if all do not appear, the rest shall he discharged without giving a verdict.” (Crim. Prac, Act, Sec. 414.)
Undoubtedly it was an irregularity to receive the verdiсt without first calling the names of the jurors, but if all were
Section six hundred and one of the Criminal Practice Act provides: “Heither a departure from the form or mode prescribed by this Act in respect to any pleadings or proceedings, nor an error or mistake therein, shall render the same invalid unless it have actually prejudiced the defendant or tended to his prejudiсe in respect to a substantial right.”
The record shows that the “jury ” returned into Court and reported the verdict, and it is not evеn suggested by counsel that the jurors were not all present and agreed.
The case of The People v. Corbett,
On the whole, we see no error in the case which prejudiced the defendant in respect to any substantial right, and the judgment is therefore affirmed.