People v. Quinn

189 Mich. App. 225 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1991

Per Curiam.

Defendant was convicted, following a jury trial, of possession of a loaded firearm in a motor vehicle, MCL 750.227c; MSA 28.424(3). Defendant appeals as of right. We reverse.

Because we agree that the evidence was insufficient to show that defendant had knowledge that the firearm in his vehicle was loaded, the sole question to be decided in this appeal is whether scienter is a necessary element of the statutory offense of possession of a loaded firearm in a motor vehicle. We conclude that it is.

MCL 750.227c; MSA 28.424(3) provides, in pertinent part:

(1) Except as otherwise permitted by law, a person shall not transport or possess in or upon a . . . motor vehicle ... a firearm, other than a pistol, which is loaded.

Pursuant to subsection 2 of §227c, a person who violates this statute is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment for not more than two years, or a fine of not more than $2,500, or both.

When interpreting a criminal statute, we must ascertain and give effect to the intent of the Legislature. People v Johnson, 174 Mich App 108, 115; 435 NW2d 465 (1989). MCL 750.227c; MSA 28.424(3) was adopted as part of 1981 PA 103. A review of the pertinent legislative analysis¹ reveals that the statute was passed because similar provisions of the Game Law² had been found to be enforceable in game areas only. The House Bill analysis specifically indicates that pistols were excluded from the operative language of the statute because the transportation of pistols was already regulated under the concealed weapons statute. That statute, MCL 750.227; MSA 28.424, like the instant statute, contains no express reference to scienter. Nevertheless, courts of this state have repeatedly read such a requirement into the statute. People v Petro, 342 Mich 299; 70 NW2d 69 (1955); People v Combs, 160 Mich App 666, 673; 408 NW2d 420 (1987); People v Lane, 102 Mich App 11, 14-15; 300 NW2d 717 (1980).³ Explaining the necessity of a guilty knowledge requirement, this Court stated in Lane, supra at 14-15:

The statute itself makes no reference to a specific intent. The judiciary, however, has read into the statute an element of knowledge. . . . Such an element is necessary to save the statute from unconstitutional overbreadth. . . . We do not believe, however, that this element of knowledge is the same as a specific intent. It rather reflects the general criminal intent necessary in most crimes. The statute itself does not make any sort of intent necessary for conviction. The purpose of the element of knowledge is to limit the statute's application to knowing, rather than innocent, violations of the statute's provisions. [Emphasis added.]

Given that MCL 750.227c; MSA 28.424(3) is the counterpart of MCL 750.227; MSA 28.424, the difference being that the former applies to nonpistol firearms while the latter applies to pistols, and that the two statutes are similar in both wording and purpose, we find no reason to construe the two statutes differently. Therefore, for the same reasons expressed in Lane, supra, we conclude that the element of knowledge is a necessary element of a violation of MCL 750.227c; MSA 28.424(3).

Accordingly, because the element of knowledge was not sufficiently proven in the instant case, defendant’s conviction is vacated and the charge dismissed.

Reversed.

1 House Legislative Analysis, HB 4688, February 10, 1982.

2 See MCL 311.1 et seq.; MSA 13.1321 et seq. generally, and MCL 312.10(1)(g); MSA 13.1339(1)(g) in particular.

3 Also see People v Stephens, 58 Mich App 701, 704; 228 NW2d 527 (1975); People v Little, 58 Mich App 12, 15; 226 NW2d 735 (1975); People v Balog, 56 Mich App 624, 626; 224 NW2d 725 (1974).