Respondent was convicted of stealing a watch from the person of one David'Wright. The case was before us on conviction upon a former trial, which was set aside on a single ground, on the supposition that the prosecution would on a second trial avoid other errors which we did not think it necessary to dwell оn. 51 Mich. 54Y. A further trial was had, and the case comes up again upon several assignments of error, which arе within well-settled rules of law. We shall not take them all up in course, but point out such as may be grouped together.
Wo have held on several occasions that the defendant has a right to know in advance of the trial what witnesses are to be produced against him, so far as then known, and to have any new witnesses endоrsed on the information as soon as discovered. The object of this is not merely to-ad vise a respondent what witnesses will be produced on the main charge. It is to guard him against the production of persons whо are unknown, and whose character he should have an opportunity to canvass. It is as important tо impeach a rebutting wit
Complaint is also made with reason against thе allowance, and apparently the approval, of various statements made by the prosеcuting officer in his summing up. We are not at all disposed to reverse judgments for merely indiscreet ebullitions of counsel which may be allowed for, and are neutralized by the effect of the charge. But in the present case there were some things said to the jury which could hardly fail to do mischief. The case was one where the evident character of several of the persons brought forward would make it-necessary for the jury to weigh their testimony with more than usual care. The prosecuting witness was an admitted criminal, whose cross-еxamination was in our opinion restricted more than it should have been. It was claimed that witnesses on both sides were open to criticism and suspicion, and it could not be avoided that in their conflict of testimony their respective claims to credit should be the chief contention. Any discussion on the facts themselves, if kеpt within proper limits of decorum, might be-expected.
But here the prosecuting counsel was allowed in his closing, against objection, more than once to urge to the jury that a.failure to prove by other witnеsses discrediting facts on which a witness had been cross-examined was very significant, and that if such facts existed rеspondent could have shown them. The court no doubt intended to correct this in the charge. But it was repeated and pressed against objection during the argument, and the reference to it in the charge
A much more serious example of а similar mischief was presented by this passage of the address, — which was complained of on the spot and not rebuked, and which was again complained of in a specific request to charge, which was refused, and not rectified, in the charge given:
“ I stand here to-day under the solemnity of my official oath, and say to yоn, as a man and a citizen, that I believe they not oniy lied, but I believe they committed willful and deliberate perjury. I do not believe that they were there that night, nor do I believe that that man, the defendant, ever in God’s world tоok that watch from the sidewalk, but he stole it from the person of David Wright, and then hid it away within five minutes.”
This language cаme from an officer whose sworn duty required him to act only in furtherance of justice, and who is bound by statutory requirements to stand entirely impartial between the complainant and the prisoner. When such an officer gives the jury to understand that what he says is under the sanction of his official oath, and' the court, when applied tо, declines to correct that statement, it cannot be supposed that jurors may not give credenсe to it and govern their decision more or less by it. The impropriety of expressing a personal oрinion to the jury upon disputed facts has always been regarded as great, and has in some notable instanсes led to unpleasant strictures on the character of celebrated counsel. Whatever allowance may be made for professional enthusiasm,, a deliberate and solemn averment of сounsel’s opinion should never be allowed to influence the jury, and when given as here, as an opinion under oath, it should have been at once shut out and its influence guarded against by proper instructions as requested.
For these reasons the judgment must be reversed.