291 N.W.2d 128 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1980
PEOPLE
v.
McGILMER
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William F. Delhey, Prosecuting Attorney, and Albert B. Blixt, Jr., Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
George W. Parker, for defendant on appeal.
Before: T.M. BURNS, P.J., and CYNAR and A.M. BACH,[*] JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant was jury convicted of breaking and entering an occupied dwelling with the intent to commit larceny therein, MCL 750.110; MSA 28.305, and of being an habitual offender, MCL 769.12; MSA 28.1084. He was sentenced to 10 to 15 years imprisonment and now appeals as of right.
*579 We first reject defendant's contention that the trial court committed reversible error in granting the people's motion to consolidate his trial with that of his brother. There was no affirmative showing of prejudice to the substantial rights of the defendant. People v Carroll, 396 Mich 408, 414; 240 NW2d 722 (1976).
We further find no abuse of discretion in the magistrate's determination that probable cause to believe defendant committed the crime was established at the preliminary examination. People v Juniel, 62 Mich App 529, 535; 233 NW2d 635 (1975). That the corpus delicti of the offense was established is not in dispute.
Finally, we address the main issue raised by defendant on appeal. The question is whether the trial judge committed reversible error in finding defendant guilty as a fourth offender under the habitual offender statute, when one of the prior convictions relied upon had originated in juvenile court where defendant had waived jurisdiction to Recorder's Court without benefit of counsel and then pled guilty to a reduced charge while assisted by counsel.
Defendant claims that the trial court was prohibited from using the aforementioned conviction to support guilt or enhance sentence for another offense. We disagree with defendant.
Defendant was previously convicted of attempted unarmed robbery on April 29, 1965. This is the conviction at issue here. At that time MCL 712A.17; MSA 27.3178(598.17) did not require appointment of counsel at juvenile transfer hearings, but instead left such appointment to the discretion of the court. Subsequently, the United States Supreme Court held that juveniles have a Sixth Amendment right to counsel in all adjudicatory *580 proceedings. Kent v United States, 383 US 541; 86 S Ct 1045; 16 L Ed 2d 84 (1966).
The question of the retroactive application vel non of Kent and its progeny has resulted in a split amongst the United States Circuit Courts of Appeal. The issue has not been squarely faced in Michigan. However, in a factual situation on all fours with the case sub judice, Judge Feikens of the Federal District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan concluded that Kent, et al., need not be applied retroactively, adopting the reasoning and result of Harris v Procunier, 498 F2d 576 (CA 9, 1974), cert den 419 US 970; 95 S Ct 235; 42 L Ed 2d 186 (1974). See Trombley v Anderson, 439 F Supp 1250, 1251-1252 (ED Mich, 1977), aff'd 584 F2d 807 (CA 6, 1978).
We find the analysis in Harris as adopted in Trombley persuasive, and therefore hold that as a matter of both United States and Michigan constitutional law, the right to counsel at a juvenile proceeding does not apply retroactively to defendant's transfer proceeding. Accordingly, we discern no basis for upholding defendant's belated collateral attack on that conviction, or for disapproving the trial court's reliance thereon in sentencing defendant under the habitual offender statute.
We find no error requiring reversal and therefore affirm.
Affirmed.
T.M. BURNS, P.J. (dissenting).
In Kent v United States, 383 US 541; 86 S Ct 1045; 16 L Ed 2d 84 (1966), the United States Supreme Court held that juveniles have a Sixth Amendment right to representation of counsel at adjudicatory proceedings. See also, In re Gault, 387 US 1; 87 S Ct 1428; 18 L Ed 2d 527 (1967). There is no question but that *581 defendant would have the right to counsel at a transfer hearing today if he were a juvenile. MCL 712A.4; MSA 27.3178(598.4).
The majority correctly cites Trombley v Anderson, 439 F Supp 1250 (ED Mich, 1977), aff'd 584 F2d 807 (CA 6, 1978), as authority for the proposition that Kent does not apply retroactively to permit a collateral attack on a juvenile proceeding in which counsel was denied. However, I believe that the majority extends Trombley beyond the limits of its holding when it uses it to affirm defendant's habitual offender conviction.
In United States v Tucker, 404 US 443; 92 S Ct 589; 30 L Ed 2d 592 (1972), the United States Supreme Court upheld a post-conviction challenge to a defendant's sentence premised on the ground that the sentencing judge erred when imposing sentence by considering a prior conviction of the defendant that was invalid under Gideon v Wainwright, 372 US 335; 83 S Ct 792; 9 L Ed 2d 799; 93 ALR2d 733 (1963). The simple rule stated in Tucker was that where the record indicated that the sentencing judge considered a conviction invalid under Gideon an appellate court must remand for resentencing. Subsequently, the Michigan Supreme Court had opportunity to adopt Tucker and did so without equivocation. People v Moore, 391 Mich 426; 216 NW2d 770 (1974).
If it is forbidden for a sentencing judge to consider a defendant's prior conviction that was invalid because the defendant was denied the right to counsel, does it make sense to let similar constitutionally infirm convictions in the juvenile context be the basis for sentencing enhancement pursuant to an habitual offender information? Tucker has been applied retroactively and now bars the use of constitutionally infirm convictions without *582 regard to whether they occurred prior to or subsequent to its decisional date. I see no reason why Kent should not similarly be applied in the context of this case, which is not a collateral attack on defendant's 1965 conviction. That conviction is not affected by our decision here. Defendant's argument is simply that he was denied counsel at a critical stage in the 1965 proceeding and, as a consequence, his conviction in that proceeding should not be used today to enhance his sentence on the present charge. I agree with defendant.
I would reverse the habitual offender conviction.
NOTES
[*] Former circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment pursuant to Const 1963, art 6, § 23 as amended in 1968.