People v. McAlpin

Nov 22, 2011
213
Versions:17 N.Y.3d 936
960 N.E.2d 435
936 N.Y.S.2d 666
2011 NY Slip Op 8456

Lead Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Memorandum.

The order of the Appellate Division should be affirmed.

Defendant pleaded guilty to robbery in the second degree with the understanding that he would be adjudicated a youthful offender and receive a term of probation if he satisfied specified conditions. At the plea proceeding, Supreme Court further advised defendant that, if he violated the terms of the youthful offender agreement, the sentencing agreement would be vacated and the court could impose a prison sentence of at least 3x/2 years, with a potential maximum sentence of 15 years. Defendant violated several terms of the youthful offender agreement and, at the subsequent sentencing proceeding, the court imposed a determinate prison sentence of 3x/2 years plus five years of postrelease supervision.

On appeal, defendant contended that reversal was required under People v Catu (4 NY3d 242 [2005]) because, in describing the alternate sentence that defendant might receive if he violated the conditions imposed for obtaining youthful offender status, the court failed to reference the potential imposition of postrelease supervision. The Appellate Division reversed defendant’s conviction and vacated his plea in a dividеd decision (68 AD3d 431 [2009]) and one of the dissenting Justices granted defendant leave to appeal to this Court.

Having elected to advise defendant of the consequences that might flow from the violation of the youthful offender agreement, the court referenced only a prison term, omitting any mention of the possibility ‍​​​​​​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​​​​​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌​​‍of postrelease supervision, thereby giving defendant an inaccurate impression concerning the court’s sentencing options. Accordingly, we conclude that reversal and vacatur of the plea was appropriate.

Although the dissent concludes in reliance on People v Murray (15 NY3d 725 [2010]) that defendant is foreclosed from obtaining relief because he failed to object at sentencing when the court first referenced postrelease supervision, we find this case to be distinguishable. In Murray, defendant had been told at the plea proceeding that two years of postrelease supervision would be imposed but was informed at the commencement of sentencing that the court would instead impose a sentenсe of three years. Because defendant had ample opportunity to object after the initial statement was made and before sentence was formally imposed, we concludеd that his failure to preserve the issue in the sentencing court precluded our review. Here, in contrast, the court first mentioned postrelease supervision only moments before imposing the sentence.

We are also unconvinced that the court’s brief remark at sentencing to the effect that it had previously advised defendant that he would receive a sentence of 3½ years and five years’ postrelease supervision if he violated the agreement, which defense counsel acknowledged, conclusively established that the court had advised defendant of the potential postrelease supervision sentence prior to accepting the plea. There is no indication in the record that the court or either counsel had reviewed the plea transcript or had focused specifically on whether, during the plea proceeding, the court had discussed the possibility of postrelease supervision — a potential sentence that was not part of the original agreement.





Dissenting Opinion

Pigott, J.

(dissenting). The case before us raises two important issues, but the majority addresses neither. The first issue is whether a defendant may raise a challenge under People v Catu (4 NY3d 242 [2005]) on appeal when he made no objection to postrelease supervision (PRS) at sentencing, and his defense counsel agreed with the sentencing court’s statement ‍​​​​​​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​​​​​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌​​‍on the record that the defendant had been informed of post-release supervision at the plea proceeding. The second issue is whether a sentencing court violates Catu when it imposes PRS, as part of an enhanced sentence following violation of a plea agreement, if the defendant was not informed by the court at the plea proceeding that PRS would be part of his sentence should he viоlate the agreement. The majority seems to ignore the preservation issue, but then fails to answer the second question directly.

Defendant was arrested in possession of an electronic game console that had been forcibly taken from a subway passenger. He was charged by indictment with two counts of robbery in the second degree. He appeared with his attorney in Supreme Cоurt, and pleaded guilty to one of the counts in full satisfaction of the indictment. The court placed him on interim probation for up to one year. As long as he reported regularly to a probаtion officer, successfully completed a youth program, and was not rearrested, he would receive youthful offender treatment, and a sentence of probation. If, on the other hand, he failed to fulfil these requirements, he would receive “state prison [time], minimum is three and a half years and the maximum fifteen years.” No mention of PRS appears on the record.

Seven months later, defendant appeared before the same Justice. He had been arrested twice in the interim, and had failed to complete the youth program. The judge, referring to the plea procеeding, stated that she had told defendant that if he were not successful in abiding by the conditions of interim probation, he would “have to go to prison for 3-1/2 years and, of course, 5 years of Post-Releasе Supervision.” Significantly, defendant’s counsel added, “Yes; I remember that, Judge.” No contradiction of that statement appears in the record.

The court imposed the minimum sentence of S1/^ years’ imprisonment, to be followed by five years’ PRS. At no point during the sentencing did defendant object to the PRS or state ‍​​​​​​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​​​​​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌​​‍any disagreement with his counsel’s recollection that he had been informed at the plea proceeding of the potential fоr PRS.

However, on appeal, defendant, for the first time, argued that Supreme Court had failed to inform him at the plea proceeding of the PRS component of the potential enhancеd sentence, thereby violating Catu. Defendant persuaded the Appellate Division, which reversed the judgment of conviction, vacated his plea, reinstated the indictment, and remanded the matter tо Supreme Court for further proceedings thereunder (68 AD3d 431 [2009]). Two Justices forcefully dissented, and one granted the People leave to appeal to this Court.

In my view, under People v Louree (8 NY3d 541 [2007]) and People v Murray (15 NY3d 725 [2010]), defendant was required to preserve his Catu challenge. Louree holds that preservation is normally not nеcessary in order for this Court to address “a nonconforming PRS sentence where the defendant has not been made aware of that part of the sentence before its imposition” (Murray, 15 NY3d at 726-727, citing Louree, 8 NY3d at 546). However, we added an important caveat to Louree in Murray. There, Supreme Court had informed defendant that he would probably be treated as a youthful offender if he met certain conditions. If he did not, the court stated that it would sentence him as an adult to two years’ imprisоnment and two years’ ‍​​​​​​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​​​​​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌​​‍PRS. After the defendant violated the plea deal, and was returned for sentencing as an adult, the court informed him, at the beginning of the proceeding, that it would impose three years of PRS, instead of two. We held that Murray was required to preserve his Catu challenge because he “was advised of what the sentence would be, including its PRS term, at the outset of the sentencing proceeding” and therefore “could have sought relief from the sentencing court in advance of the sentence’s imposition” (Murray, 15 NY3d at 727 [emphasis added]).

In Murray, we carefully distinguished Louree. In the earlier case, defendant was not informed about the specific terms of PRS early enough to lodge an оbjection, because it was first mentioned when the sentence was actually imposed. Under those circumstances, it was impossible for the defendant to make a CPL 220.60 (3) motion to withdraw his plea, sincе such a motion must be filed “before the imposition of sentence” (CPL 220.60 [3]). In Murray, on the other hand, defendant had time in which to make a motion, but failed to do so. Here, as in Murray, defendant was made aware of the specific period of PRS early enough in the sentencing proceeding to allow him time to seek withdrawal of the plea under CPL 220.60 (3) or otherwise object to the imposition of PRS. If this was the first time he heard about PRS arising ‍​​​​​​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​​​​​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌​​‍from these charges, defendant should not have sat in silence while his defense counsel conceded that he had been informed about PRS at the plea proceeding. Consequently, defendant was obliged to object before imposition of sentence, in order to preserve his Catu objection.

Given Supreme Court’s recollection that it had told defendant that five years’ PRS was part оf the plea bargain, defense counsel’s confirmation thereof, and the absence of a timely motion to withdraw the plea or any objection to PRS after defendant was given adequate notice of the term, I would decide this appeal on preservation grounds.

It follows then that because the Appellate Division’s reversal depended on reaching an issue that is unpresеrved, under our precedent, the reversal was not on the law (CPL 450.90 [2] [a]), and therefore the People’s appeal should be dismissed.

Were I to set aside our holding in Murray, and assume that the PRS issues need not be preserved, I would reverse. The sentencing court stated on the record that it had advised defendant of the potential of PRS at the plea proceeding, and defense counsel agreed. If defendant wishes to dispute the accuracy of Supreme Court’s recollection, his recourse is not a direct appeal. The record demonstrates that defendant was timely informed of PRS, and we are bound by that record.

Chief Judge Lippman and Judges Ciparick, Graffeo, Read, Smith and Jones concur; Judge Pigott dissents in an opinion.

Order affirmed in a memorandum.