569 N.W.2d 523 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1997
PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Robert MAPP, a/k/a Robert Ray Mapp, Defendant-Appellant.
Court of Appeals of Michigan.
Frank J. Kelley, Atty. Gen., Thomas L. Casey, Sol. Gen., John D. O'Hair, Prosecuting Atty., Timothy A. Baughman, Chief of Research, Training, and Appeals, and Jeffrey Caminsky, Asst. Prosecuting Atty., for People.
Judith McNair, Detroit, for Defendant-Appellant on appeal.
Before REILLY, P.J., and WAHLS and N.O. HOLOWKA,[*] JJ.
PER CURIAM.
In each of the two lower court cases, defendant pleaded guilty of one count of possessing with the intent to deliver less than fifty grams of cocaine, M.C.L. § 333.7401(2)(a)(iv); MSA 14.15(7401)(2)(a)(iv). Defendant was placed on lifetime probation. Approximately three months later, defendant was found guilty of violating the terms of his probation. On April 3, 1995, the trial court sentenced defendant to terms of four to twenty years' imprisonment to run concurrently to "the sentence presently being served." On January 5, 1996, the trial court sua sponte amended the sentences to indicate that the terms were to run "consecutive with sentence presently being served." Defendant appeals as of right. We remand for resentencing, but only because we are required to do so under Administrative Order No. 1996-4.
Defendant argues that a formal resentencing was required before the trial court could convert his concurrent sentences into consecutive ones. This issue is governed by People v. Roberto Thomas, 223 Mich.App. 9, 566 N.W.2d 13 (1997),[1] where this Court held that a trial court may not change concurrent sentences to consecutive sentences without conducting any resentencing and without providing any notice to the defendant. Because Roberto Thomas is indistinguishable from this case, we remand for resentencing. Id. Although we follow Roberto Thomas, we do so only because we are required to under the terms of Administrative Order No. 1996-4. But for that order, we would affirm defendant's sentences.
A trial court may correct an invalid sentence, but may not modify a valid sentence after it has been imposed except as provided by law. MCR 6.429(A); People v. Catanzarite, 211 Mich.App. 573, 582, 536 N.W.2d 570 (1995); see also People v. Wybrecht, 222 Mich.App. 160, 564 N.W.2d 903 (1997) (a trial court may not review the proportionality of a sentence it imposed). Here, it is clear that defendant's original sentence was invalid. *524 M.C.L. § 333.7401(3); M.S.A. § 14.15(7401)(3) requires that any term of imprisonment under that section "run consecutively with any term of imprisonment imposed for the commission of another felony." People v. Hughes, 217 Mich.App. 242, 244, 550 N.W.2d 871 (1996).
We would hold that this case is analogous to People v. Gerry Thomas, 447 Mich. 390, 523 N.W.2d 215 (1994). In that case, the trial court had imposed a sentence of sixty to seventy-five years on the defendant. Id., p. 391, 523 N.W.2d 215. When the defendant moved to set aside the sentence on the ground that the sentence violated the Tanner[2] rule, the trial court changed the sentence to a term of sixty to ninety years' imprisonment. Id., pp. 391-392, 523 N.W.2d 215. In reversing, the Supreme Court stated as follows:
Where a court imposes a sentence that is partially invalid, the Legislature has provided that the sentence is not to be "wholly reversed and annulled," but rather is to be set aside only "in respect to the unlawful excess." M.C.L. § 769.24; M.S.A. § 28.1094. The rule that a sentencing court may not later modify a valid sentence has been restated by this Court in MCR 6.429(A) and in In re Dana Jenkins, 438 Mich. 364, 475 N.W.2d 279 (1991).
Here, there was no legal flaw in the 75-year maximum sentence originally imposed by the court. The only aspect of the sentence that was unlawfully excessive was the final ten years of the 60-year minimum term. Only to that extent was the original sentence invalid, and subject to correction. [Gerry Thomas, supra, pp. 393-394, 523 N.W.2d 215.]
Applying Gerry Thomas to the facts here, the only invalid portion of defendant's initial sentence was the fact that it ordered concurrent, rather than consecutive, sentences. Defendant has made no claim that the length of the sentences that he received, four to twenty years in prison, was invalid. Accordingly, but for Roberto Thomas, we would hold that only the concurrent portion of the sentences was subject to correction. MCR 6.429(A); Gerry Thomas, supra, p. 394, 523 N.W.2d 215.
We believe that the Court in Roberto Thomas erred in relying in part on the fact that consecutive sentences effectively increased the minimum sentence that the defendant would have to serve. See Roberto Thomas, supra, p. 14 n. 1, 566 N.W.2d 13. In People v. Miles, 454 Mich. 90, 95, 559 N.W.2d 299 (1997), the Supreme Court held that a sentencing court need not consider the length of a consecutive or concurrent mandatory sentence when setting aside an indeterminate sentence. Rather, the Court held that each sentence involves a separate determination. Id., p. 101, 559 N.W.2d 299. See also People v. Kennebrew, 220 Mich.App. 601, 609, 560 N.W.2d 354 (1996) (principle of proportionality does not consider cumulative effect of consecutive sentences).
We believe that the Court in Roberto Thomas also erred in finding that resentencing was "the long-established remedy" in cases like this one. This case is distinguishable from many of the cases where appellate courts have required resentencing. For example, although the Supreme Court in Miles remanded in part for resentencing, it explicitly relied on the circumstance that the defendant's sentence was based on inaccurate information in the presentence report. Miles, supra, pp 96, 98, 99, 100. Here, because defendant's presentence report did not contain inaccurate information, Miles is distinguishable. Similarly, this case does not present the situation in which a sentencing court failed to exercise its discretion because of a mistaken belief in the law. See People v. Green, 205 Mich.App. 342, 346, 517 N.W.2d 782 (1994); People v. Daniels, 69 Mich.App. 345, 350, 244 N.W.2d 472 (1976); People v. Mauch, 23 Mich.App. 723, 730-731, 179 N.W.2d 184 (1970). The trial court's error did not involve a discretionary decision. Rather, because of a mistaken belief in the law, the trial court failed to impose consecutive sentences as required by M.C.L. § 333.7401(3); MSA 14.15(7401)(3).
In addition, panels of this Court have split with regard to the question whether resentencing is required when a trial court erroneously *525 imposes a concurrent sentence. At least three panels of this Court have remanded for a full resentencing in this circumstance. See People v. Jones, 207 Mich.App. 253, 260, 523 N.W.2d 888 (1994); People v. McKee, 167 Mich.App. 258, 262, 421 N.W.2d 655 (1988); People v. Doss, 122 Mich.App. 571, 581, 332 N.W.2d 541 (1983). However, the panel in People v. Kaczorowski, 190 Mich.App. 165, 174, 475 N.W.2d 861 (1991), did not require a full resentencing. Similarly, in People v. Cuppari (After Remand), 214 Mich.App. 633, 638, 543 N.W.2d 68 (1995), rather than requiring a resentencing, this Court remanded for modification of the judgment of sentence.
For the reasons outlined above, we would hold that because the trial court's original judgment of sentence was not based on incorrect information, and because the length of defendant's sentence was not invalid, the trial court acted correctly by amending defendant's sentence sua sponte. MCR 6.429(A); Gerry Thomas, supra, p. 394, 523 N.W.2d 215. In addition, were this an issue of first impression, we would hold that the trial court lacks authority to conduct a resentencing in this situation. MCR 6.429(A); Gerry Thomas, supra, p. 394, 523 N.W.2d 215. Accordingly, we would have affirmed defendant's sentence.
Remanded for resentencing. We do not retain jurisdiction.
NOTES
[*] Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.
[1] Defendant's reliance on People v. Fuller, 449 Mich. 855, 535 N.W.2d 791 (1995), is misplaced. The Fuller Court did not resolve this issue. See Thomas, supra, p. 391 n. 3, 523 N.W.2d 215.
[2] People v. Tanner, 387 Mich. 683, 199 N.W.2d 202 (1972).