Lead Opinion
Defendant appeals as of right his conviction of and sentence for operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcoholic liquor and causing death, MCL 257.625(4). The circuit court sentenced defendant as a second-offense habitual offender, MCL 769.10, to serve a term of imprisonment of 43 to 270 months. We affirm. This appeal has been decided without oral argument pursuant to MCR 7.214(E).
This case arises from a traffic accident that occurred during the early morning hours of November 22, 2007. The parties stipulated that defendant’s blood alcohol content was 0.12 grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood.
Statutory interpretation is a question of law calling for review de novo. People v Denio, 454 Mich 691, 698; 564 NW2d 13 (1997). However, defendant admits that this issue is unpreserved. A defendant pressing an unpreserved claim of error must show a plain error that affected substantial rights. People v Carines, 460 Mich 750, 763; 597 NW2d 130 (1999). When plain error is shown, the reviewing court should reverse only when the defendant is actually innocent or the error seriously affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings. Id.
MCL 257.625(4) sets forth penalties for a person who “operates a motor vehicle” while intoxicated “and by the operation of that motor vehicle causes the death of another person . . . .” MCL 257.35a defines “operate” and “operating” as “being in actual physical control of a vehicle ....” MCL 257.36 defines “operator” as “every person, other than a chauffeur, who is in actual physical control of a motor vehicle upon a highway.”
In explaining its views regarding operation and causation, the trial court stated as follows:
[A] person who places a motor vehicle in motion or in a position posing a significant risk of causing a collision, remains responsible for that motor vehicle until such time as that vehicle is put into some position where it poses no risk to other drivers. In other words, we cannot simply stop our car in the middle of the road for whatever reason, in this case striking the curbs or striking the sides, but we can’t just stop our car in the middle of the road, stagger off somewhere, standing somewhere else, and expect our li*60 ability for that vehicle to end. People are responsible for placing that vehicle in a proper environment.
Now, the only exceptions to that would be in situations where there was a grossly negligent act by another citizen or some type of emergency occurs.... But basically, ordinary negligence by other citizens does not cause a person otherwise responsible for a serious breach of the law to be not hable.[2 ]
On appeal, defendant concedes that the trial court addressed the issue of what constituted operation of a vehicle so as to comport with our Supreme Court’s opinion in People v Wood, 450 Mich 399; 538 NW2d 351 (1995). In that case, the Court stated that “operating” must be defined “in terms of the danger the OUIL statute [MCL 257.625] seeks to prevent: the collision of a vehicle being operated by a person under the influence of intoxicating liquor with other persons or property.” Id. at 404. Accordingly, “[o]nce a person using a motor vehicle as a motor vehicle has put the vehicle in motion, or in a position posing a significant risk of causing a collision, such a person continues to operate it until the vehicle is returned to a position posing no such risk.” Id. at 404-405.
This is consistent with both the language and the purpose of MCL 257.625(4). The statute provides that a defendant may be convicted when he or she “operates a motor vehicle” while intoxicated and “by the operation of that motor vehicle causes the death of another person . . . .” The statute does not require that the defendant’s vehicle be in motion at the time of the accident, but rather that the victim’s death be caused by the defendant’s operation of the vehicle while intoxicated. In this case, defendant was intoxicated, operated his vehicle, and crashed it, with the result that it sat in the middle of the freeway at night creating a risk of injury or death to others.
Thus, we conclude that Wood remains good law and that the trial court properly followed it, and we affirm defendant’s conviction.
Defendant also challenges the scoring of offense variable (OV) 9, MCL 777.39, which concerns the num
A score of 10 points is prescribed where “[t]here were 2 to 9 victims who were placed in danger of physical injury or death....” MCL 777.39(l)(c). In rejecting defense counsel’s challenge to the assessment of 10 points for this variable at sentencing, the trial court explained, “the other gentleman who was trying to assist [defendant] was in a place of danger. And . . . the people driving the other vehicle that had to swerve around everything were in a potentially dangerous situations because of it....”
Defendant relies on People v McGraw, 484 Mich 120; 771 NW2d 655 (2009), to argue that OV 9 should have been scored at zero points, because only the person who died had been placed in danger. However, McGraw is plainly distinguishable. In that case, the sentencing offense was breaking and entering a general store and the trial court assessed 10 points for OV 9 on the ground that, in addition to the owner of the store, there were two additional victims placed in danger when the defendant drove from the scene of the offense with two passengers in his vehicle, was thereafter spotted and chased by the police, and crashed his car. Id. at 132-133. Our Supreme Court held that the transactional approach to scoring OV 9 was not appropriate. Id. at 133. “OV 9 does not provide for consideration of conduct after completion of the sentencing offense,” and thus it
Using the McGraw approach, we conclude that defendant’s intoxication and the fatal car collision endangered not only the person who died, but also both occupants of the car that struck that person; obviously, those three persons faced a serious risk of physical harm simultaneously. Further, there was also a passenger traveling with the decedent. While he was uninjured, he was also placed in danger.
Thus, the trial court correctly identified a total of four victims, resulting in a score of 10 points under OV 9, because, in addition to the decedent, defendant created a risk of physical injury to the decedent’s passenger, the driver of the car that struck the decedent, and the passenger in that car, all in the course of the sentencing offense.
Affirmed.
This is well over the proscribed limit of “0.08 grams or more per 100 milliliters of blood ....” MCL 257.625(l)(b).
This case contains no allegation of intervening gross negligence.
We also note that, as recently as 2007, our Supreme Court adopted a broader interpretation of “operate” than defendant suggests when it concluded that “[t]he loading and unloading of passengers is an action within the ‘operation’ of a shuttle bus.” Martin v Rapid Inter-Urban Partnership, 480 Mich 936 (2007).
Concurrence Opinion
(concurring). I concur in the result reached by the majority, but decline to join the majority’s comments concerning the use of dictionaries to interpret a statute, which fail to fully acknowledge the well-established rules concerning this subject. See Liberty Hill Housing Corp v City of Livonia, 480 Mich 44, 56 n 11; 746 NW2d 282 (2008).