5 N.Y.2d 536 | NY | 1959
The defendants, magazine distributors in the City of Mt. Vernon, had for many years been selling so-called “ dream books ” and “ tip-sheets ” to which devotees of the game known as policy had recourse in their search for the elusive winning number.
In point of fact, the statute is aimed only at the players — that is, at those who possess policy slips — and the entrepreneurs and managers of policy and those in pari delicto with them. (See, e.g., People v. Hines, 284 N. Y. 93, 104-105; People v. Wolosky, 296 N. Y. 236, 238; cf. People v. Adams, 176 N. Y. 351, 360, affd. 192 U. S. 585; People v. Engeman, 129 App. Div. 462, 465-467, affd. 195 N. Y. 591.) “ Section 974”, this court wrote in the Hines case, “ prohibits one from keeping an establishment for policy playing', from delivering or receiving money by playing policy, or possessing policy slips, or other articles used in carrying on policy, or owning or being the agent or janitor of any establishment where lottery policies are sold ” (284 N. Y. 93, 104-105). And in People v. Wolosky, after adverting to the Hines case, we stated (296 N. Y., at p. 238): “ Thus, four kinds of activities having to do with policy are forbidden: maintaining a place wherein to play it, having ownership or control of such a place, handling the money involved, or possessing papers, writings or articles commonly used in carrying on this form of gambling.”
The only activities forbidden by section 974, therefore, are those of the operators of games of policy, the entrepreneurs and their henchmen, and the players. Since the defendants, in distributing the reading material before us were neither entrepreneurs of the game (or their accomplices) nor players, and,
The Legislature, by denominating as “ a common gambler ” one who violates the statutory proscription, made it exceedingly plain that the activities forbidden are those relating to the gambling operation itself, to the carrying on or the playing of policy. Baleful and wrongful though the sale of dream books and tip-sheets may be, by no reasonable construction can it be said to constitute gambling or to render the vendor a gambler. The situation would, of course, be different if the defendants had allied or associated themselves with the persons
The judgments of conviction should be reversed and the information dismissed.
Chief Judge Conway and Judges Desmond, Dye, Froessel and Burke concur with Judge Fuld; Judge Van Voorhis dissents and votes to affirm (People v. Hartmann, 274 App. Div. 752).
Judgments reversed, the information dismissed and the fines remitted.
. These various booklets and pamphlets are designed to furnish information and hints which the prospective player will find “ helpful ” in selecting the number to be played. A tip-sheet, such as the defendants’ Weekly Piekem Rajah Rabo, consists of records of past winning' numbers, while a dream book, such as the defendants’ Black Cat Dream Book, professes to “interpret * " ** dreams through the science of numerology ”; listing key words of dreams in almost infinite variety, it assigns a number to each dream subject and counsels the dreamer to play the number with which his dream is coupled.