423 N.W.2d 365 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1988
PEOPLE
v.
KESL
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Louis J. Caruso, Solicitor General, Mark A. Gates, Prosecuting Attorney, and Thomas C. Johnson, Assistant Attorney General, for the people.
State Appellate Defender (by Kim Robert Fawcett), for defendant on appeal.
Before: GRIBBS, P.J., and J.B. SULLIVAN and W.J. GIOVAN,[*] JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant was convicted of receiving and concealing stolen property with a value of over $100. MCL 750.535; MSA 28.803. Subsequently, defendant was found guilty of being an habitual offender, third offense, MCL 769.11; MSA 28.1083. He was sentenced to a term of six years and eight months to ten years to be served consecutively to his current sentence for breaking and entering and concurrent with his sentence for prison escape. Defendant appeals as of right. We affirm.
The facts underlying this dispute, as stipulated at a motion hearing, are relatively simple. Defendant was an inmate with the Department of Corrections (DOC) and assigned to a community residential center program (CRC). He occupied Room 14 at the Ithaca Motor Inn which was rented by the DOC and designated as a residential placement cell or facility. James Collins, an employee of the DOC, was a parole officer for the county and the designated warden of the residential facility. Upon information amounting to less then probable cause, Collins decided to conduct a "shakedown" search of defendant's room. Without a warrant or defendant's knowledge, Collins obtained a pass key from the motel manager and entered defendant's *700 room where he found and confiscated items which he believed were stolen. Later that day, Collins returned with Gratiot County Sheriff's Deputy Michael Vetter and again inventoried defendant's room where they found and confiscated another item.
Defendant unsuccessfully moved to suppress the evidence, arguing that he had a reasonable expectation of privacy in his room which, in turn, necessitated that any search be conducted only pursuant to Fourth Amendment protections. The prosecution contended that a prisoner had no reasonable expectation of privacy in his prison cell and, hence, the Fourth Amendment's protections against unreasonable searches and seizures are inapplicable.
The trial court concluded that defendant did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy and, therefore, there was no search within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment.
We are asked to decide whether a prison inmate assigned to a community residential program has a reasonable expectation of privacy in a room designated as a residential cell or facility thereby entitling him to Fourth Amendment protection. We hold that he does not.
In Hudson v Palmer, 468 U.S. 517; 104 S. Ct. 3194; 82 L. Ed. 2d 393 (1984), the Supreme Court, after balancing the interests of society with those of a prisoner, concluded that prisoners have no legitimate expectations of privacy and therefore the Fourth Amendment's prohibition of unreasonable searches does not apply in prison cells. Id. at 526. The Court reasoned that society is not prepared to recognize as legitimate any subjective expectations of privacy that a prisoner might have in his prison cell and, further, that a recognition of such a right simply cannot be reconciled with the concept of *701 incarceration and the needs and objectives of penal institutions. Id.
We find that this reasoning is equally applicable to the situation where a defendant, as here, resides in a community residential center. In Michigan, a CRC is, in fact, a prison. MCL 750.193(2); MSA 28.390(2). Prisons by their very definition are places of involuntary confinement and prisoners by virtue of assignment to a CRC are not automatically purged of their "proclivity for antisocial, criminal, and often violent, conduct." Id. at 526. Inmates have necessarily demonstrated an inability to control and conform their behavior to the legitimate standards of society and have demonstrated their inability to conform their conduct with either a respect for the law or an appreciation of the rights of others. Id. "Loss of freedom of choice and privacy are inherent incidents of confinement." Id. at 528, quoting Bell v Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 537; 99 S. Ct. 1861; 60 L. Ed. 2d 447 (1979).
Prison administrators, in this case the CRC supervisor, are charged with the task of taking all necessary steps to ensure the safety of others within the prison community as well as the community which houses the inmates. Id. at 526. CRC supervisors can be no less diligent, nor more constrained, than their institutional counterparts in preventing the flow of illicit weapons, drugs and other contraband into the community.
We believe, and so hold, that a prisoner does not enjoy a reasonable expectation of privacy in his residential community cell. Consequently, the court did not err in denying defendant's motion to suppress the evidence seized.
With respect to defendant's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, we find that, by failing to timely object, he has not preserved this issue for our review. MRE 103(a)(1). People v Standifer, 425 *702 Mich 543, 557; 390 NW2d 632 (1986). Moreover, we find no manifest injustice to defendant. People v Kelly, 423 Mich. 261, 281; 378 NW2d 365 (1985). When asserting an ineffective assistance of counsel claim it is incumbent on a defendant to make a testimonial record in the trial court in connection with a motion for a new trial or evidentiary hearing in order to produce support for his claim. People v Ginther, 390 Mich. 436, 443; 212 NW2d 922 (1973). Since defendant has failed to do either, we are unable to review his claims.
Affirmed.
NOTES
[*] Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.