People v. Ingeneri

Oct 16, 1972

71-339

Versions:7 Ill. App. 3d 809

288 N.E.2d 550

1972 Ill. App. LEXIS 2373

Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE GEORGE J. MORAN

delivered the opinion of the court:

The defendant pled guilty to the crime of armed robbery in the Circuit Court of Williamsоn County in violation of Ill. Rev. Stat. 1969, ch. 38, par. 18 — 2, and was sentenced to a term of not less than five years nor more than 12 years in the Illinois State Penitentiary.

Hе contends in this appeal that the trial court failed to comply with Supreme Comt Rule 402(a)(1) and (2), which provided:

“The court shall not accept a plea of guilty without first, by addressing the defendant personally ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍in open court, informing him of and determining that he understands the following:

(1) The nature of the charge:

(2) The minimum and maximum sentence prescribed by law, including, when applicable, the penalty to which thе defendant may be subjected because of prior convictions оr consecutive sentence.”

Defendant argues that although the trial сourt read to him in open court the language contained on the information filed against defendant, it made no effort to determine if defendаnt understood the nature of what had allegedly been read to him.

Rule 402(a)(1) rеquires the trial court to do more than just inform the defendant of the charge; it also requires the trial court to inform the defendant of the “nature” of the charge. Since a guilty plea is ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍an “admission of all the elements of a formal criminal charge” and “cannot be truly voluntary unless the defendant possesses an understanding of the law in relation to the facts,” McCarthy v. United Stаtes, 394 U.S. 459, we believe the trial court must inform the defendant of the essential elements of the crime of which he is charged. In some cases this can bе done by a reading of the indictment to the defendant. But it should be pointed out that merely furnishing a copy of the indictment to the defendant would not be suffiсient because Rule 402(a) specifically requires the trial court to аddress the defendant personally in open court. Many times the indictment is сouched in technical legal language and when that is the case, we will not assume that the defendant understands this language. Here, however, therе was sufficient, clear description in the charge and the use of simplе, everyday words such as “threatening # * * use of force # * armed with * * * an automаtic weapon * * * take * * * property * * * a Smith & Wesson revolver, from Frank E. Taylor * # With this information any reasonable man would understand the nature of the сharge.

Defendant further argues that the trial court failed to assure itself that the defendant knew and understood ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍the minimum and maximum sentence which the court may impose upon the acceptance of defendant’s plea.

The only mention of the possible sentence that appеars in the record is the following:

“The Comt: You understand then that the possible penalty could be from 2 years to an indefinite term of time?

Defendant: Yes.

The Court: Knowing all of this, do you ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍still want to enter a plea of guilty?

Defendant: Yes.”

The court in People v. Helvie, 1 Ill.App.3d 887, 275 N.E.2d 285, was confronted with a similar situation. In thаt case the defendant argued that the trial court’s admonition that the sentence which might be imposed could be “for not less than one year аnd may be for an indeterminate number of years” did not constitute substantial compliance with Rule 402 and we agreed. The difference here lies only in that between “indeterminate” and “indefinite”, and we do not believe any possible improvement in elucidation thereby is measurable so that one may be accepted and the other rejected.

We cannot fеel assured that defendant in this case understood that he could be sentеnced for “any number of years” and there being such a vast difference bеtween the minimum stated and the potential maximum that it is a matter of great import.

For the foregoing reasons we reverse defendant’s conviction and remand this case to the Circuit Court ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍of Williamson County with directions that defendant be permitted to plead anew if he so desires.

Reversed and remanded with instructions.

EBERSPACHER and CREBS, JJ., concur.