People v. Ideis
300 N.W.2d 489
Mich. Ct. App.
1980
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PEOPLE v IDEIS

Docket No. 46076

101 MICH APP 179

October 24, 1980

Submitted September 3, 1980, at Detroit. Leave to appeal applied for.

Defendant, Jamel M. Ideis, was charged in Detroit Recorder‘s Court with assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder and with possession of a firearm in the commission of a felony. He was convicted of the lesser included offense of felonious assault and violation of the felony-firearm statute, sentenced to the mandatory two year term for the felony-firearm conviction and given a suspended sentence on the fеlonious assault conviction, Donald L. Hobson, J. Defendant appeals, contending that the trial court erred by failing to give a proper instruction on intent when instructing on the lesser included offense of felonious assault. Held:

The trial court gave the recommended jury instruction on felonious assault and while that instruction requires a finding that 1) the defendant committed an assault and 2) that the defendant was in possession of a dangerous weapon at the time, it does not require a finding of specific intent to injurе or to put the victim in reasonable fear or apprehension of a battery. However, under the rule of

, a trial court must instruct the jury that there must have been either an intent to injure or an intent to put the victim in reasonable fear or apprеhension of a battery before a defendant can be found guilty of felonious assault. This is not a new rule but merely a clarificаtion of previously existing law, therefore it applies to the present case. The defendant‘s defense at trial was that the shooting was accidental so that the improper instruction went to a controlling issue.

Reversed and remanded.

BASHARA, J., dissented. He would affirm on the basis thаt the

REFERENCES FOR POINTS IN HEADNOTES

[1] 6 Am Jur 2d, Assault and Battery ‍​​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​​​​‌​​​​​‌​​​​‍§ 51. 75 Am Jur 2d, Trial § 719.

[2, 4] 20 Am Jur 2d, Courts § 233 et seq.

[3] 75 Am Jur 2d, Trial § 578.

rule announced in

should not be retroactively applied.

OPINION OF THE COURT

1. ASSAULT AND BATTERY — FELONIOUS ASSAULT — JURY INSTRUCTIONS — INTENT.

A trial court, in a jury trial, must instruct the jury that there must have been either an intent to injure or an intent to put the victim in rеasonable fear or apprehension of a battery before a defendant can be found guilty of felonious assault.

2. COURTS — SUPREME COURT — RETROACTIVE APPLICATION OF DECISIONS.

A Supreme Court decision which does not announce a new rule but merely clarifies existing law is entitled to retroactive еffect.

3. TRIAL — JURY INSTRUCTIONS — APPEAL — PRESERVATION OF ERROR.

A trial court is required to charge the jury concerning the law applicable to the case and the fact thаt a defendant did not request an appropriate ‍​​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​​​​‌​​​​​‌​​​​‍instruction does not preclude the Court of Appeals from considering a claim of error based upon the trial court‘s failure to give the instruction.

DISSENT BY BASHARA, P.J.

4. ASSAULT AND BATTERY — FELONIOUS ASSAULT — INTENT — RETROACTIVE APPLICATION.

The Supreme Court‘s holding in

, should not be given retroactive effect.

Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William L. Cahalan, Prosecuting Attorney, Edward Reilly Wilson, Principal Attorney, Appeals, and Nels L. Olson, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.

Richard R. Nelson, for defendant on appeal.

Before: BASHARA, P.J., and N. J. KAUFMAN and R. M. MAHER, JJ.

PER CURIAM. The defendant, Jamel Mohammad Ideis, was charged with assault with intent to dо great bodily harm less than murder in violation of MCL 750.84; MSA 28.279, and possession of a firearm in the commission of a felony in violation of MCL 750.227b; MSA 28.424(2). On June 11, 1979, the defendant pled guilty to the lesser included offense of felonious assault and the felony-firearm charge was dismissed. On June 26, 1979, the prosecutor asked that the trial cоurt reinstate the felony-firearm charge in light of the Supreme Court decision declaring the felony-firearm statute constitutionаl. The trial court reinstated the charge and the defendant withdrew his guilty plea. ‍​​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​​​​‌​​​​​‌​​​​‍On July 2, 1979, the defendant went to trial in Recorder‘s Court. On July 3, 1979, the dеfendant was convicted by a jury of the lesser included offense of felonious assault and of the felony-firearm offense. On July 3, 1979, thе defendant received a suspended sentence for the felonious assault conviction and the mandatory 2 years fоr the felony-firearm conviction. The defendant appeals as a matter of right.

The defendant raises several issues on appeal, one of which requires reversal. The defendant contends that the court erred by failing to give a proper instruction on intent when instructing on the lesser included offense of felonious assault. We agree.

The trial court gave CJI 17:4:01, the rеcommended jury instruction on felonious assault. CJI 17:4:01 states:

“(1) The defendant is charged with felonious assault. Any person who shall assault аnother with a [gun/revolver/pistol/knife/iron bar/club/brass knuckles/dangerous weapon] but without intending to commit the crime of murder and without intending to inflict great bodily harm less than murder is guilty of this charge.

“(2) The defendant pleads not guilty to this charge.

To establish this charge the prosecution must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt:

“(3) First, that the defendant assaulted [name complainant]. An assault is an attempt or threat, with force and violence, to do immediate bodily harm to another by one who has the present means of doing such harm.

“(4) Second, that the defendant committed such assault by the use of a dangerous weapon, that is, as alleged ‍​​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​​​​‌​​​​​‌​​​​‍in this case, a [gun/revolver/pistol/knife/iron bar/club/brass knuckles/(state other dangerous weapon)].”

The trial court also gave CJI 17:4:07, which states:

“The statute in question here fоrbids the purposeful pointing of a gun [revolver/pistol] at another in a threatening manner.”

We realize that at the time of trial the trial judge did not have the benefit of the Supreme Court‘s decision in

. In that case, the trial court refused the defendant‘s request to instruct the jury that the crime of felonious assault includes the specific intent to inflict an injury on another and instead instructed the jury that a felonious assault must be an “intentional assault“. On appeal, the Supreme Court stated that the trial court‘s instruction constituted reversible error in that it failed to adequately inform the jury of the intent requirement. The Court held that the jury should have been instructed that there must be either an intent to injure or an intent to put the victim in reasonable fear or apprehension of а battery.
. In the case at bar, the instruction given by the trial court was incorrect under
. Because the Court in
did not an-

nounce a new rule but merely clarified existing law, the holding applies to the instant case and defendant is entitled to reversal.

We recognize that defendant did not request this instruction. We are not, however, precluded from considering this claim ‍​​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​​​​‌​​​​​‌​​​​‍of error on appeal. The trial court is required to charge the jury concerning the law applicable to the case.

,
,
. The defendant‘s defense at trial was that the shooting was accidental so that the improper instruction went to a controlling issue.

Reversed and remanded for a new trial.

BASHARA, J. (dissenting). I respectfully dissent. The majority holds that

, is to be applied retroactively.

I rely on the case of

, and the cases cited therein, particularly,
, and
, for the holding that
, should not be applied retroactively.

Accordingly, I would affirm the conviction.