*1074 Opinion
Defendant, James Hong, appeals after he was convicted of multiple offenses: attempted murder (Pen. Code, §§ 187, 664); 1 assault with a deadly weapon as a felony (§ 245, subd. (a)); two counts of felony corporal injury to a spouse or cohabitant; (§ 273.5, subd. (a)); making a terrorist threat (§ 422); two counts of misdemeanor assault (§ 240); misdemeanor vandalism (§ 594, subd. (a)); misdemeanor assault by means of force likely to inflict great bodily injury with a deadly weapon (§ 245, subd. (a)(1)); and a single count of misdemeanor corporal injury to a spouse. (§ 273.5, subd. (a).) Additionally, three allegations pursuant section 12022.7, subdivision (d) were found to be true.
In the published portion of the opinion, we address the duty of the superior court clerk to include a restitution fine pursuant to section 1202.4, subdivision (b) and other orders in the abstract of judgment. We further address the requirement that a fine also be imposed pursuant to section 1202.45 when the defendant is fined in compliance with section 1202.4. *
In the published portion of this opinion we address two issues. The first issue involves the abstract of judgment. The second question involves an additional restitution fine pursuant to section 1202.45. To begin with, we address the issue of whether a restitution fine imposed pursuant to section 1202.4, subdivision (b) 2 must be reflected on the abstract of judgment along with orders for “deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and other genetic typing *1075 analysis” pursuant to section 290.2, subdivision (c). 3 The easier question with a clearer answer is whether the section 1202.4, subdivision (b) fine must be set forth on the abstract of judgment. This is a matter of some consequence because abstracts of judgment issued by the County Clerk of Los Angeles County routinely omit any reference to fines. The Attorney General is correct that although the.reporter’s transcript and the minute order of the probation and sentencing hearing reflect the trial judge imposed the section 1202.4, subdivision (b) restitution fine, the abstract of judgment does not. The abstract of judgment is a form promulgated by the Judicial Council under the authority of section 1213.5 which will be discussed in some detail later in this opinion. The abstract of judgment in this case is Judicial Council Forms, form DSL-290, and it is attached as an appendix to this opinion. As can be noted, paragraph 5 is labeled “Other Orders” and is followed by a three-eighths inch by three-inch space where a fine can be listed. Under the provided space, the following words appear, “Use additional sheets of plain paper if necessary.” 4
In support of the contention the abstract of judgment must include the section 1202.4, subdivision (b) restitution fine, the Attorney General relies upon the following language in
People
v.
Mesa
(1975)
The abstract of judgment in a criminal case is a document described in section 1213 which states: “When a probationary order or a judgment, other than of death, has been pronounced, a copy of the entry of that portion of the probationary order ordering the defendant confined in a city or county jail as a condition of probation, or a copy of the entry of the judgment, or, if the judgment is for imprisonment in the state prison, either a copy of the minute order or an abstract of the judgment as provided in Section 1213.5, certified by the clerk of the court, or by the judge, if there is no clerk, and a Criminal Investigation and Identification (CII) number shall be forthwith furnished to the officer whose duty it is to execute the probationary order or judgment, and no other warrant or authority is necessary to justify or require its execution. flD If a copy of the minute order is used as the commitment document, the first page or pages shall be identical in form and content to that prescribed by the Judicial Council for an abstract of judgment, and such other matters as appropriate may be added thereafter.” As noted previously, the actual form used as the abstract of judgment in this case was prepared by the Judicial Council as required by section 1213.5 which states, “The abstract of judgment provided for in Section 1213 shall be prescribed by the Judicial Council.” The delivery of the abstract of judgment or a certified copy of the minute order to the sheriff commences the execution of judgment.
(People
v.
Howard
(1997)
The question presented by the Attorney General’s argument requires a determination as to whether a fine is part of a judgment. Beginning in 1851, fines have been recognized by the Legislature as an element of the judgment. The first comprehensive statutory framework adopted by the Legislature in terms of criminal procedure was enacted in 1851 with the adoption of “An Act to regulate Proceedings in Criminal Cases.” (See Kleps,
The Revision and Codification of California Statutes 1849-1953
(1954) 42 Cal.L.Rev. 766, 767 & fn. 6; e.g.,
People
v.
Chadd
(1981)
California has adopted a comprehensive constitutional and legislative scheme for providing restitution for crime victims. Article I, section 28 of the California Constitution provides, “It is the unequivocal intention of the People of the State of California that all persons who suffer losses as a result of criminal activity shall have the right to restitution from the persons convicted of the crimes for losses they suffer.” This right has been recognized statutorily as well. (§ 1202.4, subd. (a)(1).) In addition to direct restitution payments to the victim from the offender, the Legislature has over time, beginning first in 1965, developed a statutory scheme providing for indemnity for crime victims by the State Board of Control.
(People
v.
Broussard
(1993)
*1080 Further, one of the enforcement mechanisms mandated by the Legislature is found in Government Code section 13967.5, subdivision (a) which states: “The restitution fine imposed pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 13967, as operative on or before September 28, 1994, subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 1203.04, as operative on or before August 2, 1995, of the Penal Code, or Section 1202.4 of the Penal Code shall be payable to the clerk of the court, the probation officer, or any other person responsible for the collection of criminal fines. If the defendant is unable or otherwise fails to pay that fine in a felony case and there is an amount unpaid of one thousand dollars ($1,000) or more within 60 days after the imposition of sentence, or in a case in which probation is granted, within the period of probation, the clerk of the court, probation officer, or other person to whom the fine is to be paid shall forward to the Controller the abstract of judgment along with any information which may be relevant to the present and future location of the defendant and his or her assets, if any, and any verifiable amount which the defendant may have paid to the victim as a result of the crime.” (Italics added.) As the italicized language indicates, the Legislature certainly intended that the abstract contain the amount of the restitution fine so that the Controller would be able to determine the amount of the debt owed to the state.
Based on the foregoing, we reach the following conclusions. A judgment includes a fine. A restitution fine is a fine. The Legislature intended that the abstract of judgment summarize the judgment. Hence, the abstract of judgment should identify the amount of the restitution fine. This would be consistent with the unmistakable legislative intention that the Department of Corrections be apprised of the amount of the restitution fine so that it can fulfill its obligations to secure payment from inmates and parolees. Accordingly, we conclude the Attorney General is entitled to seek on appeal to have the abstract of judgment corrected to reflect the judgment of the trial court which includes the restitution fine.
The only sound argument which runs counter to the foregoing conclusion is as follows. It can be argued that section 1213.5 does not require restitution or other fines be entered upon the face of the abstract. Section 1213.5 was initially adopted in 1951 and neither the statutory language nor the recommended form made any reference to any fine. (Stats. 1951, ch. 460, § 4, pp. 1489-1491 .)
6
In 1971 and 1972 additional amendments to section 1213.5 were adopted. None of those changes suggested the form for the abstract of
*1081
judgment refer to any fines. (Stats. 1971, ch. 1732, § 1, pp. 3684-3685; Stats. 1972, ch. 1131, §§3-3.5, pp. 2178-2184.) The 1972 legislation added a
*1082
subdivision (c) to section 1213.5 which stated, “An abstract of judgment in a form approved by the Judicial Council shall be deemed to comply with this section.” (Stats. 1972, ch. 1131, §§3-3.5, pp. 2181, 2184.) In 1977, in connection with the extensive legislative modifications to the determinate sentencing law commonly referred to as the “Boatwright Amendments”
(People
v.
Tanner
(1979)
However, all statutes must be read and applied in the context of the overall statutory scheme of which they are part.
(Lakin
v.
Watkins Associated Industries
(1993)
The more difficult issue is whether the section 290.2 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and other genetic typing analysis requirement must be set forth on the abstract of judgment. Unlike a fine, such a testing requirement need not be imposed by a court. Section 290.2, subdivisions (a) and (b), requires the Department of Corrections to conduct the testing regardless of any court order.
7
Once a prisoner has been convicted of an enumerated offense, the testing requirement is automatic. On the other hand, it is
*1084
common for trial judges to orally articulate the testing requirement. (E.g.
People
v.
Sanchez
(1997)
Finally, the Attorney General argues that the trial court had a jurisdictional responsibility to impose an additional fine pursuant to section 1202.45 which states, “In every case where a person is convicted of a crime and whose sentence includes a period of parole, the court shall at the time of imposing the restitution fine pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1202.4, assess an additional restitution fine in the same amount as that imposed pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1202.4. This additional restitution fine shall be suspended unless the person’s parole is revoked.” The failure to impose the mandatory fine in this case was a jurisdictional error which can be raised for the first time on appeal by the Attorney General.
(People
v.
Scott
(1994)
The judgment is modified to reflect defendant has been fined in the sum of $200 pursuant to Penal Code section 1202.45. The clerk of the superior court is ordered upon issuance of the remittitur to prepare a corrected abstract of *1085 judgment as set forth in this opinion and forward it to the Department of Corrections. In all other respects, the judgment is affirmed.
Grignon, J., and Godoy Perez, J., concurred.
*1086 Appendix
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Notes
All future statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise indicated.
See footnote, ante, page 1071.
Section 1202.4, subdivisions (b) and (c) provide: “(b) In every case where a person is convicted of a crime, the court shall impose a separate and additional restitution fine, unless it finds compelling and extraordinary reasons for not doing so, and states those reasons on the record. [50 (1) The restitution fine shall be set at the discretion of the court and commensurate with the seriousness of the offense, but shall not be less than two hundred dollars ($200), and not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), if the person is convicted of a felony, and shall not be less than one hundred dollars ($100), and not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), if the person is convicted of a misdemeanor. HD (2) In setting a felony restitution fine, the court may determine the amount of the fine as the product of two hundred dollars ($200) multiplied by the number of years of imprisonment the defendant is ordered to serve, multiplied by the number of felony counts of which the defendant is convicted. [5] (c) The court shall impose the restitution fine unless it finds compelling and extraordinary reasons for not doing so, and states those reasons on the record. A defendant’s inability to pay shall not be considered a compelling and extraordinary reason not to impose a restitution fine. Inability to pay may be considered only in increasing the amount of the restitution fine in excess of the two-hundred-dollar ($200) or one-hundred-dollar ($100) minimum.”
Section 290.2 states in relevant part: “(a) Any person . . . who is convicted of a felony offense of assault or battery in violation of Section . . . 245 . . . and who is committed to a state prison . . . shall be required to provide two specimens of blood and a saliva sample to that institution . . . . H[] . . . HQ (c) The Department of Justice shall provide all blood specimen vials, mailing tubes, labels, and instructions for the collection of the blood specimens, saliva samples, and thumbprints. The specimens and samples shall thereafter be forwarded to the Department of Justice for analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and other genetic typing analysis at the department’s DNA laboratory.”
Other Judicial Council forms for the abstract of judgment in criminal cases where a prison sentence is imposed contain similar places for the insertion of other orders. Similar spaces for other orders appear in Judicial Council Forms, forms DSL-290.1 and CR-292.
The Restitution Fund is the subject of extensive statutory enactments. (Civ. Code, § 2225, subd. (b)(2) [Restitution Fund entitled to proceeds from trust created to recapture moneys from convicted felon]; Gov. Code, § 13959 et seq. [creating right to indemnification from Restitution Fund]; Gov. Code, § 50050 [unclaimed fund in the possession of a local agency which are moneys due to crime victims must be paid to the Restitution Fund]; § 116.5 [funds received by persons involved injury tampering paid to the Restitution Fund]; § 132.5 [funds received by person involved in tampering with a witness to be forfeited to the Restitution Fund]; § 186.11 [allocates portions of fines to Restitution and State Insurance Funds]; § 294, subds. (a)-(b) [Restitution Fund fines in specified sex offense cases to be paid to local trust funds for child abuse prevention]; § 679.02, subd. (a)(8) [crime victim has a right to be informed of rights to indemnification from Restitution Fund]; § 1001.90 [diversion fee payable to Restitution Fund]; § 1191.2 [crime victim to be provided notice as to Restitution Fund rights by probation officer]; § 1202.4, subd. (b) [fine payable to Restitution Fund must be imposed unless the court “finds compelling and extraordinary reasons for not doing so. and states those reasons on the record”]; § 1202.8, subd. (b) [probation officer must open an account for victim indemnity moneys not payable to Restitution Fund]; § 1203, subd. (b)(l)(C)(ii) [probation report must identify whether the defendant should make a payment to the Restitution Fund or indemnify the victim]; § 1203.1, subd. (b) [court must consider whether a probation condition should include a payment to the Restitution Fund]; § 1203.1k [judge, not probation officer, determines amount payable to the Restitution Fund]; § 1297 [before refunding cash deposit in lieu of bail, court clerk must deduct sums due to Restitution Fund]; § 1462.5 [proration of fines may not occur until minimum payment to Restitution Fund]; § 1463.18. [disposition of moneys collected for Vehicle Code violations and required payment to Restitution Fund]; § 1464, subd. (f)(2) [timing of payments from State Penalty Fund to Restitution Fund]; § 2085.5 [Director of Corrections must pay a percentage of inmate wages to the Restitution Fund]; § 2813.5 [profits from sales of rebuilt automobiles by state *1079 prisoners payable to Restitution Fund]; § 11230 [red light abatement fines payable to Restitution Fund]; § 14033 [Governor’s proposed budget shall specify anticipated Restitution Fund shortfall]; Rev. & Tax. Code, § 19280, subd. (a)(2)(B)(iv) [local entity may refer unpaid fines to Franchise Tax Board so long as there is compliance with the laws relating to reimbursement of the Restitution Fund]; Rev. & Tax. Code, § 19282, subd. (e) [Court Collection Account must be operated consistently with reimbursement duties owed to Restitution Fund]; Welf. & Inst. Code, § 656.2 [when crime is perpetrated by a minor, the probation officer must advise the victim of rights to benefits from Restitution Fund]; Welf. & Inst. Code, § 730.6, subd. (c) [minors subject to fines payable to Restitution Fund]; Welf. & Inst. Code, § 1752.81, subd. (b) [Director of Youth Authority must deduct specified portion of moneys in a ward’s trust account to reimburse Restitution Fund]; Welf. & Inst. Code, § 1752.82, subds. (a), (c) & (e) [Youth Authority to deduct wards’ wages and make specified payments to the Restitution Fund].)
The 1951 version of section 1213.5 provided in pertinent part: “(a) The abstract of judgment provided in Section 1213 shall contain: HQ (1) A designation of the crime or crimes and the degree thereof, if any, of which defendant has been convicted. HQ (2) The sections *1081 of the Penal Code or other provisions of law of which the designated crimes constitute violations. HD (3) A statement of prior convictions which affect the sentence of the defendant. HD (4) A statement as to whether or not the defendant was armed with a deadly weapon or a concealed deadly weapon when that fact will affect his sentence. HD (5) When the circumstances of the conviction are such as to constitute defendant an habitual criminal under subdivision (a) or (b) of Section 644 of the Penal Code, a statement as to whether or not the judge finds defendant is an habitual criminal. HD (6) A statement as to how the sentence imposed on each count of which defendant was convicted shall be served with respect to the other counts, if any, of which he was convicted and with respect to any prior uncompleted sentence. HD (7) A copy of the order remanding defendant to the custody of the sheriff for delivery to a state prison. HD (b) The form of the abstract of judgment shall be substantially as follows:
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*1082 [[Image here]]
There were additional portions of the suggested form for the abstract for certification of the judgment and the copy of the original document.
We have reviewed a substantial number of legislative committee reports prepared in connection with the section 290.2 deoxyribonucleic acid and other genetic typing analysis requirement: None of those committee reports reflect a legislative intention that the requirement that deoxyribonucleic acid and other genetic typing analysis be conducted was conditioned upon a specific judicial order. Rather, the Legislature intended that when the prisoner was convicted of an enumerated offense, it was mandatory that deoxyribonucleic acid and other genetic typing analysis be conducted. (Assem. Com. on Public Safety, Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 201 (1993-1994 Reg. Sess.) Mar. 2, 1993, pp. 1-2; Sen. Com. on Judiciary, Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 201 (1993-1994 Reg. Sess.) as amended Mar. 15, 1993, pp. 1-2; Sen. Rules Com. Office of Sen. Floor Analysis, Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 201 (1993-1994 Reg. Sess.) Aug. 17, 1993, pp. 1-2; Off. of Sen. Floor Analysis, Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 201 (1993-1994 Reg. Sess.) Aug. 26, 1993, pp. 1-2; Assem. Com. on Public Safety, Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 2127 (1995-1996 Reg. Sess.) Apr. 23, 1996. p. 2-4; Assem. Com. *1084 on Appropriations, Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 2127 (1995-1996 Reg. Sess.) pp. 1-4; Sen. Com. on Criminal Procedure, Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 2127 (1995-1996 Reg. Sess.) June 11, 1995, pp. 3-4; Assem. Concurrence in Sen. Amends., Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 2127 (1995-1996 Reg. Sess.) as amended Aug. 20, 1996, pp. 1-3.)
