delivered the opinion of the court:
The defendant, Glenn Hipkins, appeals from his conviction, after jury trial, for murder, and from his sentence of from 50 to 100 years, on that conviction. He asserts on appeal: (1) that the trial judge abused his discretion in refusing to inquire of jurors, during the trial, as to the extent of their exposure to a radio news broadcast in which the prosecutor discussed the trial; (2) that the defendant’s rights (against double jeopardy) were violated when the trial court, addressing the sentencing question, found that the defendant Lad knowledge that his acts created a strong possibility of death or great bodily harm, when the jury had been unable to make the same finding; and (3) that the sentence was excessive and should be reduced.
The pertinent facts in the record indicate that on September 1, 1977, defendant Hipkins, then age 19, and another youth decided to rob a gas station in Keithsburg. They had been drinking, taking pills, and smoking marijuana. Hipkins indicated to the other youth that he knew a gas station where it would be easy to steal the money because an old man was in charge, and he would not be able to identify them. The final plan was for the accomplice to drive into the gas station, keeping the old man busy with a fill-up, while Hipkins went into the station and took the money from the cash register. Proceeding thereon, the accomplice drove in to the station and told Frank LeNew, the 88-year-old station attendant, to fill it up. Meanwhile, Hipkins exited the car and went into the station. Hipkins found that the cash register was locked, and he was about to carry it off when LeNew entered the station. According to the defendant’s confession, LeNew then picked up a chair, whereupon Hipkins pushed LeNew, knocking him to the floor. Hipkins then, while LeNew lay on the ground, kicked him three times, once in the face, once in the nose and once in the chest. He then grabbed LeNew’s key chain, opened the cash register and took $230. He joined his accomplice in the car and they drove off, discarding the key chain along the way. LeNew was found, semiconscious, with serious bruises on his face and head, and was transported to the hospital by ambulance. Upon arrival, he was unconscious, suffering from a severe head injury. X rays revealed a large skull fracture, which had crossed a major artery, and had resulted in a hematoma and swelling. He died within a week, with the cause of death listed as primarily due to head injuries. It was the defendant’s testimony at trial that they did not intend to harm LeNew seriously, and that he did not realize the extent of force he used in kicking LeNew as he lay on the floor. The jury, based upon the evidence, found the defendant guilty of murder, in that he caused the death of Frank LeNew while committing a robbery. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 38, par. 9 — 1(a)(3).
Following the conviction, the State requested a hearing on the death penalty. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 38, par. 9 — 1(d).) The death penalty hearing was then held, and in the first part of the bifurcated hearing, the jury was asked to determine whether the defendant had intentionally, or with knowledge that the acts which caused the death created a strong possibility of death or great bodily harm, killed Frank LeNew. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 38, par. 9 — 1(b)(6).) Arguments of counsel were made but no evidence was heard. The jury returned a verdict indicating that it could not unanimously find that the factor in aggravation existed. Thereafter the matter was set for sentencing hearing before the court. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 38, par. 9 — 1(g).
Evidence at the subsequent sentencing hearing indicated that Hipkins was a high school dropout with a poor employment record. He had a history of drug use and several prior convictions, two for misdemeanor theft and two for burglary. Also in aggravation the State presented the testimony of William Bolis, the 73-year-old jailer of Mercer County Jail. Bolis testified that during the defendant’s confinement he brought a television set into the cellblock in which Hipkins and other inmates were housed. He entered the cellblock and set the television on the floor. As he did so, Hipkins reached through the bars and struck him over the head with a metal bar removed from the shower stall. Hipkins told Bolis to give him the keys. Bolis went to the door, got the keys and locked the door. Bolis then sought help after fending off another blow from Hipkins. Bolis required several stitches to close the wound on his head.
The State recommended a sentence of from 100 to 300 years, if the defendant chose to be sentenced under the old sentencing law, and a sentence of natural life, if he chose to be sentenced under the new sentencing law. Defense counsel argued that the natural life sentence was not a possible sentence, under the new act, for the reason that the predicate aggravating factor (knowledge that his actions' created strong possibility of death or great bodily harm) had been decided -in the defendant’s favor at the death penalty hearing. Defense counsel requested the court to rule on whether it would consider the statutory aggravating factor in sentencing. The court ruled that it had authority to consider the aggravating factor despite the fact that the jury could not unanimously agree on its existence in the case. The court further found that the aggravating factor existed and that the defendant did act with knowledge that his actions created a strong probability of death or great bodily harm.
The defendant then chose to be sentenced under the old sentencing law and a sentence of from 50 to 100 years was imposed. This appeal followed. Further factual development will be set forth, as required, within the discussion of the issues.
The initial issue raised is whether the court abused its discretion in refusing to inquire of the jurors as to whether they had been exposed to a radio interview given during the trial by the State’s Attorney. During the State’s case defense counsel informed the court that his office had received calls from unknown persons concerning a radio interview given by the prosecutor. According to the defense attorney, the callers had characterized the interview as “highly prejudicial” to the defendant. None of them related the specifics of the interview, however, and the defense was unable to obtain a tape recording of the interview as it had been destroyed and no written copy made. Defense counsel did assert that the interview was broadcast at a time when the court was not in session and the jurors could have thus heard it. Defense counsel requested that the court question the jurors to inquire if they had heard the broadcast. Prior to deciding how to proceed on the matter, the court indicated its desire to know the contents of the interview. Defense counsel had not supplied any substantive information, by way of affidavit or otherwise, as to the contents. The State’s Attorney, who had given the interview, informed the court that the substance of the broadcast dealt with the stage and progress of the proceedings, including a recap of the State’s first day evidence. He informed the court that nothing prejudicial was said dining the broadcast. The court thereafter denied defense motion to examine the jurors on the issue, finding there was no good reason to do so and that such interrogation would only focus the juror’s attention on the media. The defense now contends that the court abused its discretion in failing to inquire as to possible exposure by the jury to the broadcast.
The pertinent rules of law applicable to the issue were stated in People v. Heller (1971),
“It is the improper exercise of that discretion by the trial court that is error, not the refusal to interrogate the jury. (People v. Murawski,394 Ill. 236 ,68 N.E.2d 272 ; People v. Cox, supra.) As stated in the latter case:
‘This does not imply that every newspaper article published during trial requires an interrogation of the jury. Its nature, content and prejudicial effect, if any, is to be resolved by the trial court in an exercise of sound discretion. The article must be produced and made a part of the record and its prejudicial effect, if any, first carefully explored by the trial court.’ ” (People v. DeBartolo (1975),24 Ill. App. 3d 1000 , 1007-08,322 N.E.2d 251 .)
It is also established that where a defendant claims prejudice from media presentations or comment, it is the defendant’s burden to present the allegedly prejudicial material to the court, either by way of actual production or by sworn affidavit as to its contents. (People v. Preston (1978),
While we are aware that acquisition and presentation of the electronic media’s programming is relatively more difficult than acquisition of material from the print media, such difference does not remove the burden of production from the defense when it claims that a particular broadcast was prejudicial. When asserting prejudice, it is incumbent upon the defense, absent extraordinary circumstances preventing such acquisition, to indicate the substance of the prejudice which it asserts. In this case, the defense presented no affidavit from any listener or from the news person who conducted the interview. In fact, the defense’s only support for the conclusion that the broadcast was prejudicial was the asserted hearsay conclusions of anonymous callers to the defense counsel’s office secretary. Such presentation was insufficient to require that the trial court interrogate the jurors as to the exposure they might have had to the broadcast. The only information before the court as to the contents of the broadcast were the statements by the State’s Attorney concerning it. He indicated that the remarks he made covered only the stage and progress of the trial, and a recap of the first day’s evidence. He stated that nothing prejudicial was stated. We have found that nonprejudicial news reports covering the progress of the trial and evidence before the jury do not interfere with a defendant’s right to a fair trial. (People v. Henderson (1975),
The next issue raised by the defense concerns the sentencing by the trial court. As indicated previously, the State requested a death penalty hearing in this case and the jury, pursuant to that request, heard arguments of counsel concerning the presence of aggravating factors justifying the death penalty. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 38, pars. 9 — 1(d), 9 — 1(g), 9 — 1(b).) Specifically, the jury was asked to decide whether Hipkins killed LeNew with the knowledge that his actions in kicking LeNew created a strong probability of death or great bodily harm. The jury was unable to unanimously conclude that the requisite knowledge was present, and it returned a verdict stating that it could not unanimously find that the factor in aggravation existed. Given their failure to find the aggravating factor, the trial court then proceeded with sentencing. After hearing matters in aggravation and mitigation, the court, pursuant to defense requést, found that if the defendant were to be sentenced under the new sentencing law, it had the authority to consider the aggravating factor previously considered by the jury. It further found that the factor existed and that Hipkins had acted with the requisite knowledge. Thereafter, the defendant chose to be sentenced under the old sentencing law and he was given a term of from 50 to 100 years. The defense argues that because the jury, in the death penalty hearing, had found that the aggravating factor was not present, therefore, the trial judge was precluded, by collateral estoppel, from considering it at the subsequent hearing.
The essential problem with the estoppel argument advanced by the defense is the fact that the jury did not affirmatively find that the aggravating factor did not exist. Rather, the jury was unable to unanimously find that the factor did exist. From the record, then, all that can be concluded is that the jury was unable to reach a unanimous conclusion about the presence or absence of the aggravating factor. Thus there was never any conclusive decision by the jury on this factual issue sufficient to act as a bar by way of estoppel. While collateral estoppel applies to criminal proceedings, an essential predicate to its application is the presence of a valid and final-determination of an issue of ultimate fact. (People v. Ward (1978),
The final argument by the defense is that the 50 to 100 years sentence was excessive. Sentencing decisions are within the discretion of the trial courts and normally will not be tampered with by an appellate tribunal, absent an abuse of that discretion. In the instant case, the record indicated that Hipkins had four previous criminal convictions. The evidence also indicated that he committed a brutal and callous attack on a helpless elderly man, whom he had already pushed to the floor. Further, evidence in aggravation indicated that Hipkins, while incarcerated, attacked an elderly jailer with a metal bar in an escape attempt. The sentence imposed by the Circuit Court of Mercer County was justified on the record, and we find no abuse of discretion.
Affirmed.
SCOTT, P. J., and STOUDER, J., concur.